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Linux下常用的系统状态查询命令介绍

 列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息:如逻辑单元号,硬件地址及设备文件名等。
  # ps -ef
  列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息:如进程号及进程名等。
  # netstat -rn
  列出网卡状态及路由信息等。
  # netstat -in
  列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。
  # df -k
  列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。
  # mount
  列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。
  # uname -a
  列出系统ID 号,系统名称,OS版本等信息。
  # hostname
  列出系统网络名称。
  # lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg
  显示逻辑卷组信息,如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。
  # lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv
  显示逻辑卷各种信息,如包含哪些盘,是否有镜像等。
  八 网络故障定位方法
  网络不通的诊断过程:
  ifconfig 查看网卡是否启动 (up)
  netstat –i 查看网卡状态
  Ierrs/Ipkts 和 Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%
  ping自己网卡地址 (ip 地址)
  ping其它机器地址,如不通,在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。
  在同一网中, subnetmask 应一致。
  网络配置的基本方法:
  (1) 如需修改网络地址、主机名等,一定要用 chdev 命令
  # chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost
  # chdev -l en0 -a netaddr=’9.3.240.58′ -a netmask=255.255.255.0’
  (2) 查看网卡状态:# lsdev –Cc if
  (3) 确认网络地址:# ifconfig en0
  (4) 启动网卡:# ifconfig en0 up
  (5) 配置路由
  有两种方式加入路由:
  永久路由
  # chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’
  临时路由
  # route add 10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59
  用命令 netstat -rn 查看路由表
附:常用命令列表:
  Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,
  fn = filename
  DIR = Directory
  | = pipe symbol
  
  bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)
  cat -view contents of a file
  cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output
  cat fn fn > newfile -combines two files to a single file
  cd -will return you to default DIR
  cd / -will put in root DIR
  cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system
  cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time
  cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir
  cfgmgr -will auto config devices
  cfgmgr -v & -(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background
  chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt’l PPs)
  cp oldfn newfn -copy a file
  cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory
  crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user
  ctrl + v -will page down 1 page
  ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page
  del fn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn
  df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)
  df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4
  diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration
  diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk….Fastpath)
  diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive
  dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS
  dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette
  dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY
  doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX
  errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors
  errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)
  errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors
  errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date
  errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)
  errpt -d S -list software errors
  errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.
  errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column
  errpt -N XXXXXXX -list summary report by resource name column
  errclear 0 -clears errorlog
  errclear -N XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter
  errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.
  finger -same as who but with more details
  flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette
  format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive
  format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44
  hostname -responds with host system name
  host (hostname) -responds with internet address
  instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed
  lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs
  lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx
  lpstat -a all -view all printer queues
  lptest 80 5 > /dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0
  ls -list names of files & directories in current dir
  ls -lia -list details of files, current dir & subdir
  ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir
  lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device
  lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)
  lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter
  lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt
  lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)
  lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices
  lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices
  lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices
  lscons -lists the assigned console
  lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)
  lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines
  lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)
  lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP
  lsfs -list all filesystems + data from “df” cmd
  lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs
  lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column
  lsps -a -checks available paging space
  lsps -s -checks available paging space
  lspv -lists information about the physical volumes
  lspv hdisk# -list drive info
  lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in
  lSUSEr -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users
  lsvg -lists volume groups
  lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)
  more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.
  mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)
  mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)
  mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file
  oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)
  pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.
  pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty’s
  pdisable tty# -disables a tty
  penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty’s
  penable tty# -enables a tty
  ps -el |pg -look at process running on system
  pwd -list what DIR you are currently in
  r -repeats last command
  rm -i ******* -remove a file & will prompt you if you are sure
  rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base
  rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base
  set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run
  :wq -write(save) and quit file
  Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command
  k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command
  I -use with SET command inserts characters
  j -steps you backwards
  cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word
  (use with Esc)
  a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)
  R -lets you type over letters or words
  smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)
  su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)
  su -switches to root id or prompts you for password
  su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX’s id
  tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive
  tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive
  tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind & eject tape
  tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR
  tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)
  tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive
  & -put any command in background with process ID

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