Linux下常用的系统状态查询命令介绍

　列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息：如逻辑单元号，硬件地址及设备文件名等。
　　# ps -ef
　　列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息：如进程号及进程名等。
　　# netstat -rn
　　列出网卡状态及路由信息等。
　　# netstat -in
　　列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。
　　# df -k
　　列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。
　　# mount
　　列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。
　　# uname -a
　　列出系统ID 号，系统名称，OS版本等信息。
　　# hostname
　　列出系统网络名称。
　　# lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg
　　显示逻辑卷组信息，如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。
　　# lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv
　　显示逻辑卷各种信息，如包含哪些盘，是否有镜像等。
　　八 网络故障定位方法
　　网络不通的诊断过程：
　　ifconfig 查看网卡是否启动 (up)
　　netstat –i 查看网卡状态
　　Ierrs/Ipkts 和 Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%
　　ping自己网卡地址 (ip 地址)
　　ping其它机器地址，如不通，在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。
　　在同一网中， subnetmask 应一致。
　　网络配置的基本方法：
　　(1) 如需修改网络地址、主机名等，一定要用 chdev 命令
　　# chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost
　　# chdev -l en0 -a netaddr=’9.3.240.58′ -a netmask=255.255.255.0’
　　(2) 查看网卡状态：# lsdev –Cc if
　　(3) 确认网络地址：# ifconfig en0
　　(4) 启动网卡：# ifconfig en0 up
　　(5) 配置路由
　　有两种方式加入路由：
　　永久路由
　　# chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’
　　临时路由
　　# route add 10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59
　　用命令 netstat -rn 查看路由表
附：常用命令列表：
　　Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,
　　fn = filename
　　DIR = Directory
　　| = pipe symbol
　　
　　bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)
　　cat -view contents of a file
　　cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output
　　cat fn fn > newfile -combines two files to a single file
　　cd -will return you to default DIR
　　cd / -will put in root DIR
　　cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system
　　cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time
　　cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir
　　cfgmgr -will auto config devices
　　cfgmgr -v & -(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background
　　chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt’l PPs)
　　cp oldfn newfn -copy a file
　　cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory
　　crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user
　　ctrl + v -will page down 1 page
　　ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page
　　del fn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn
　　df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)
　　df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4
　　diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration
　　diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk….Fastpath)
　　diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive
　　dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS
　　dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette
　　dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY
　　doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX
　　errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors
　　errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)
　　errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors
　　errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date
　　errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)
　　errpt -d S -list software errors
　　errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.
　　errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column
　　errpt -N XXXXXXX -list summary report by resource name column
　　errclear 0 -clears errorlog
　　errclear -N XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter
　　errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.
　　finger -same as who but with more details
　　flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette
　　format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive
　　format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44
　　hostname -responds with host system name
　　host (hostname) -responds with internet address
　　instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed
　　lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs
　　lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx
　　lpstat -a all -view all printer queues
　　lptest 80 5 > /dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0
　　ls -list names of files & directories in current dir
　　ls -lia -list details of files, current dir & subdir
　　ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir
　　lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device
　　lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)
　　lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter
　　lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt
　　lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)
　　lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices
　　lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices
　　lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices
　　lscons -lists the assigned console
　　lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)
　　lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines
　　lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)
　　lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP
　　lsfs -list all filesystems + data from “df” cmd
　　lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs
　　lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column
　　lsps -a -checks available paging space
　　lsps -s -checks available paging space
　　lspv -lists information about the physical volumes
　　lspv hdisk# -list drive info
　　lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in
　　lSUSEr -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users
　　lsvg -lists volume groups
　　lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)
　　more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.
　　mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)
　　mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)
　　mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file
　　oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)
　　pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.
　　pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty’s
　　pdisable tty# -disables a tty
　　penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty’s
　　penable tty# -enables a tty
　　ps -el |pg -look at process running on system
　　pwd -list what DIR you are currently in
　　r -repeats last command
　　rm -i ******* -remove a file & will prompt you if you are sure
　　rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base
　　rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base
　　set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run
　　:wq -write(save) and quit file
　　Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command
　　k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command
　　I -use with SET command inserts characters
　　j -steps you backwards
　　cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word
　　(use with Esc)
　　a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)
　　R -lets you type over letters or words
　　smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)
　　su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)
　　su -switches to root id or prompts you for password
　　su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX’s id
　　tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive
　　tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive
　　tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind & eject tape
　　tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR
　　tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)
　　tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive
　　& -put any command in background with process ID