Linux服务自动启动功能

以下是我整理的一些有关”Linux服务自动启动功能”方法，供大家参考。
setup 、rc.local 和chkconfig三种方式都可以设置
第一种)
输入#setup指令进入系统服务菜单，选择你想启动的服务比如httpd，然后重起机器或者 /etc/rc.d./init.d/httpd   start
第二种)
把启动命令放到/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件里这样就可以每次启动的时候自动启动服务了,例如对于 apache,编译好apache后会在安装目录的bin下生成apachectl文件,这是个启动教本,我们只需要把这个命令加到rc.local里就可以了
echo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local,
设置服务自动启动的方式是在rc.local里还可以加入类似以下的一些脚本：
#sshd
/usr/local/sbin/sshd
#proftpd
/usr/local/sbin/proftpd
#apache
/home/apache/bin/apachectl start
#mysql
/home/mysql/bin/safe_mysqld –port=3306 &
#start Oracle8i listener first
su – oracle -c ‘lsnrctl start’
#start oracle8i
su – oracle -c ‘dbstart’
第三种)
通过chkconfig指令.
使用chkconfig命令来把某项服务加到系统的各项运行级别中,步骤如下,
1 创建启动脚本.
   对于apache,mysql,ssh这样的软件都是自己带的,我们只要稍微修改一下使之支持chkconfig就可以了
2 修改脚本
我们需要在脚本的前面加上一下2行,才能支持chkconfig命令
# chkconfig: 2345 08 92
#
# description: Automates a packet filtering firewall with ipchains.
#
chkconfig:后面定义的使启动服务的运行级别(例子中使2345启动改服务),以及关闭和启动服务的顺序,(上例中关闭服务的顺序使8,启动的顺序使92)
descriptions:对改服务的描述(上例中是ipchains包过滤),你可以换成自己想要的
修改好之后执行
cp 你的脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/脚本名
chmod 700 /etc/rc.d/init.d/脚本名
chkconfig –add 脚本名
例如:
将其加入Linux启动过程，仅在level 3, level 5级别下运行
[root@Tester init.d]/sbin/chkconfig –add apache-httpd
[root@Tester init.d]/sbin/chkconfig –level 35 apache-httpd on
之后就可以了,以后每次重新启动服务器都会自动启动和关闭我们的服务了
下面是网路上一些创建的APACHE启动脚本案例,可以参考一下:
Linux下设置apache httpd服务为自动启动的实现：
系统环境：          Red Hat ENTERPRISE AS 4
Apache Httpd 版本： 2.0.61
Apache 安装路径：   /usr/local/apache-httpd-2.0.61
Step 1:
[buck@Tester local]ln -s /usr/local/apache-httpd-2.0.61 apache-httpd-default
Step 2:
切换到超级用户，进入/etc/init.d/，创建启动脚本
[root@Tester init.d]vi appache-httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# created by Buck Zhang, 2007/12/02
#
# apache-httpd    Startup script. for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: – 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
#           HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /usr/local/apache-httpd-default/conf/httpd.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-“C”}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=””
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form. for messages.
apahectl=/usr/local/apache-httpd-default/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache-httpd-default/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things — attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
        echo -n $”Starting $prog: “
        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon $httpd $OPTIONS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}
# When stopping httpd a delay of >10 second is required before SIGKILLing the
# httpd parent; this gives enough time for the httpd parent to SIGKILL any
# errant children.
stop() {
    echo -n $”Stopping $prog: “
    killproc -d 10 $httpd
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $”Reloading $prog: “
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=$?
        echo $”not reloading due to configuration syntax error”
        failure $”not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error”
    else
        killproc $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
    fi
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case “$1” in
start)
    start
    ;;
stop)
    stop
    ;;
status)
        status $httpd
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
restart)
    stop
    start
    ;;
condrestart)
    if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
        stop
        start
    fi
    ;;
reload)
        reload
    ;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
    $apachectl $@
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
*)
    echo $”Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}”
    exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL