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一般来说，在安装操作系统之后，系统会推荐一定的驱动更新，如果有些不合适，那么你可以选择手动更新。例如有的wireless无线驱动工作不正常，sudo ifconfig也不存在wlan0，那么你就必须采取手动安装方法。
首先，先判断什么驱动工作不正常。是声卡，还是显卡，还是无线模块。
然后，在去官方网站下载驱动包，注意选择操作系统和应用平台（i386，X86，X86_64），
再根据安装包的不同采取操作。是需要编译的源代码，还是bin程序。
如果是源代码，一定要先阅读readme，执行
sudo make
sudo make install
sudo reboot
例如安装realtek的无线驱动
baidu@ww.baidu.org.tw:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$ sudo make
[sudo] password for pp:
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011 modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/base.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rc.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/debug.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/regd.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/efuse.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/cam.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/ps.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/core.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/pci.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtlwifi.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtlwifi.mod.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtlwifi.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce’
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce modules
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/hw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/table.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/sw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/trx.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/led.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/fw.o
/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/fw.c: In function ‘rtl92c_download_fw’:
/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/fw.c:240: warning: format ‘%d’ expects type ‘int’, but argument 4 has type ‘long unsigned int’
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/phy.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rf.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/dm.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rtl8192ce.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rtl8192ce.mod.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce/rtl8192ce.ko
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce’
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se’
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se modules
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/hw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/table.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/sw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/trx.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/led.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/fw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/phy.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rf.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/dm.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rtl8192se.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rtl8192se.mod.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se/rtl8192se.ko
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se’
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de’
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de modules
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/hw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/table.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/sw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/trx.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/led.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/fw.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/phy.o
/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/phy.c: In function ‘rtl92d_phy_reset_iqk_result’:
/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/phy.c:3002: warning: format ‘%d’ expects type ‘int’, but argument 2 has type ‘long unsigned int’
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rf.o
CC [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/dm.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rtl8192de.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rtl8192de.mod.o
LD [M] /home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de/rtl8192de.ko
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de’
baidu@ww.baidu.org.tw:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$ make install
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011 modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
rm: cannot remove `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/.tmp_versions/rtlwifi.mod’: Permission denied
make[1]: *** [crmodverdir] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make: *** [all] Error 2
baidu@ww.baidu.org.tw:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$ sudo make install
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011 modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce’
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce modules
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192ce’
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se’
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se modules
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192se’
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de’
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/build M=/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de modules
make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.35-28-generic’
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pp/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011/rtl8192de’
find /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic -name “r8192se_*.ko” -exec rm {} \;
find /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic -name “r8192ce_*.ko” -exec rm {} \;
baidu@ww.baidu.org.tw:~/Desktop/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_linux_mac80211_0003.0401.2011$
注意：有的linux操作系统默认没有安装gcc，如Fedora 14，需要先配置gcc
su root
yum -i gcc
如果是bin安装包，则如下操作：
例如：安装ati-driver
baidu@www.baidu.org.tw:~/Downloads$ sudo chmod +x ati-driver-installer-11-5-x86.x86_64.run
baidu@www.baidu.org.tw:~/Downloads$ sudo ./ati-driver-installer-11-5-x86.x86_64.run
在按照提示操作即可。
