服务器评测
关于RRDTool的简单介绍：
RRDTool是由Tobias Oetiker开发的自由软件，它使用RRD（Round Robin Database）作为存储格式，Round robin是一种处理定量数据、以及当前元素指针的技术。RRDTool主要用来跟踪对象的变化情况，生成这些变化的走势图。
其实它和mrtg 是同一家族, 主要都是在产生time-series 的图档(如流量,负载,温度,人数…..),不过因为mrtg 当初的考量是画两种资料在图上(或四个值),后来原作者觉得不足,所以另外又开发了rrdtool, rrdtool 本身可和mrtg 结合,但其结合基本上仅在于将mrtg 的文字档的log 转成rrd 储存格式,通常user 尚需要mrtg-rrd/rrdcgi 去转换,不过总觉得美中不足,因为最终其实你用到的还是rrdtool,虽然还有像my14all (http://my14all.sourceforge.net/) 这类的tools可以转换并画图,但其追根究底还是以rrdtool 为base, 所以rrdtool 变成了最终也是最好的选择。
平心而论rrdtool 的学习远比mrtg 来得困难,且相关文件资料也没有mrtg多,其中中文的参考又几乎没有,如果没有较深厚的Linux 基础(尤其是Shell Script) 或了解SNMP,懂得英文及好学的心,否则是不建议学习rrdtool 的.因为你可能很难去控制或获得你所要的资料,亦可能难于表现图档。
当然,每个人看法不见得相同,完全看个人需要而定,就像用mrtg 画CPU Load, Memory Usage,HTTP Client, Process…., 纯使用mrtg 是较简单且好用的,但是你要做很多图,每张图之间的关联生基本上可能需要你用眼睛去判断.但如果使用rrdtool 可以让你四张叠成一张,如此也较好比较出其中的因果关系,不过此时你得懂得控制图的表现方式来达到显示上最好的结果.基本上学rrdtool 完全不需要有mrtg 的经验. 但最好对系统资讯获得的方法(cmd/ snmp/Shell Script )熟一点会较好处理.
RRDTool的优点：灵活，开放：
RRDTool的典型应用：
Cacti
NTOP
Nagios
SmokePing
RRDWeather 等等：（我下面就会有一篇博客来写关于NTOP的配置）
好了，下面开始安装我们的RRDTool：
安装RRDTool的时候经常出现一下问题：
如：我已经下载包所谓的rrdtool的rrdtool – 1.3.1.tar.gz包了。但是./ configure命令发放大量的错误提示信息。我要如何的在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x – 64 安装RRDtool呢？
因为：RRD是Round Robin Database的缩写。RRD是一个系统用来存储和显示的时间序列数据（即网络带宽，机房温度，服务器的平均负载）。它存储数据在一个非常紧凑的方式，将不随时间变化的数据扩大，并提出了处理数据，以执行某种有用的数据密度图。它可以使用，也可以通过简单的包装脚本（shell或perl）或通过前端设备的调查网络，提供友好的用户界面。
下面介绍在RHEL上安装RRDTool。
为了在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 上安装RRTool，您需要安装一些开发工具和库。
步骤1：安装需要依赖的包：
以root用户登录，然后输入一下命令：
#yum install cairo-devel libxml2-devel pango-devel pango libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel
输入此命令后出出现以下信息：
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Package pango-1.14.9-6.el5.i386 already installed and latest version
Package freetype-2.2.1-21.el5_3.i386 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package cairo-devel.i386 0:1.2.4-5.el5 set to be updated
–> Processing Dependency: fontconfig-devel >= 2.0 for package: cairo-devel
–> Processing Dependency: libXrender-devel for package: cairo-devel
—> Package freetype-devel.i386 0:2.2.1-21.el5_3 set to be updated
–> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel for package: freetype-devel
—> Package libart_lgpl-devel.i386 0:2.3.17-4 set to be updated
—> Package libpng-devel.i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2 set to be updated
—> Package libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.26-2.1.2.8 set to be updated
—> Package pango-devel.i386 0:1.14.9-6.el5 set to be updated
–> Processing Dependency: glib2-devel >= 2.12.0-1 for package: pango-devel
–> Processing Dependency: libX11-devel for package: pango-devel
–> Processing Dependency: libXft-devel for package: pango-devel
–> Processing Dependency: libXext-devel for package: pango-devel
–> Running transaction check
—> Package fontconfig-devel.i386 0:2.4.1-7.el5 set to be updated
—> Package glib2-devel.i386 0:2.12.3-4.el5_3.1 set to be updated
—> Package libX11-devel.i386 0:1.0.3-11.el5 set to be updated
–> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-proto-devel >= 7.1-2 for package: libX11-devel
–> Processing Dependency: libXau-devel for package: libX11-devel
–> Processing Dependency: libXdmcp-devel for package: libX11-devel
—> Package libXext-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 set to be updated
—> Package libXft-devel.i386 0:2.1.10-1.1 set to be updated
—> Package libXrender-devel.i386 0:0.9.1-3.1 set to be updated
—> Package zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3 set to be updated
–> Running transaction check
—> Package libXau-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-3.1 set to be updated
—> Package libXdmcp-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 set to be updated
—> Package xorg-x11-proto-devel.i386 0:7.1-13.el5 set to be updated
–> Processing Dependency: mesa-libGL-devel for package: xorg-x11-proto-devel
–> Running transaction check
—> Package mesa-libGL-devel.i386 0:6.5.1-7.7.el5 set to be updated
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
cairo-devel i386 1.2.4-5.el5 base 130 k
freetype-devel i386 2.2.1-21.el5_3 base 146 k
libart_lgpl-devel i386 2.3.17-4 base 21 k
libpng-devel i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2 base 181 k
libxml2-devel i386 2.6.26-2.1.2.8 base 2.1 M
pango-devel i386 1.14.9-6.el5 base 274 k
Installing for dependencies:
fontconfig-devel i386 2.4.1-7.el5 base 168 k
glib2-devel i386 2.12.3-4.el5_3.1 base 1.2 M
libX11-devel i386 1.0.3-11.el5 base 661 k
libXau-devel i386 1.0.1-3.1 base 11 k
libXdmcp-devel i386 1.0.1-2.1 base 7.6 k
libXext-devel i386 1.0.1-2.1 base 57 k
libXft-devel i386 2.1.10-1.1 base 16 k
libXrender-devel i386 0.9.1-3.1 base 8.9 k
mesa-libGL-devel i386 6.5.1-7.7.el5 base 465 k
xorg-x11-proto-devel i386 7.1-13.el5 base 247 k
zlib-devel i386 1.2.3-3 base 100 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 17 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 5.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/17): libXdmcp-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm | 7.6 kB 00:00
(2/17): libXrender-devel-0.9.1-3.1.i386.rpm | 8.9 kB 00:00
(3/17): libXau-devel-1.0.1-3.1.i386.rpm | 11 kB 00:00
(4/17): libXft-devel-2.1.10-1.1.i386.rpm | 16 kB 00:00
(5/17): libart_lgpl-devel-2.3.17-4.i386.rpm | 21 kB 00:00
(6/17): libXext-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm | 57 kB 00:00
(7/17): zlib-devel-1.2.3-3.i386.rpm | 100 kB 00:00
(8/17): cairo-devel-1.2.4-5.el5.i386.rpm | 130 kB 00:00
(9/17): freetype-devel-2.2.1-21.el5_3.i386.rpm | 146 kB 00:00
(10/17): fontconfig-devel-2.4.1-7.el5.i386.rpm | 168 kB 00:00
(11/17): libpng-devel-1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2.i386.rpm | 181 kB 00:00
(12/17): xorg-x11-proto-devel-7.1-13.el5.i386.rpm | 247 kB 00:00
(13/17): pango-devel-1.14.9-6.el5.i386.rpm | 274 kB 00:00
(14/17): mesa-libGL-devel-6.5.1-7.7.el5.i386.rpm | 465 kB 00:00
(15/17): libX11-devel-1.0.3-11.el5.i386.rpm | 661 kB 00:00
(16/17): glib2-devel-2.12.3-4.el5_3.1.i386.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00
(17/17): libxml2-devel-2.6.26-2.1.2.8.i386.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00
——————————————————————————–
Total 2.1 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:02
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : zlib-devel 1/17
Installing : glib2-devel 2/17
Installing : freetype-devel 3/17
Installing : fontconfig-devel 4/17
Installing : libpng-devel 5/17
Installing : libXau-devel 6/17
Installing : libxml2-devel 7/17
Installing : libart_lgpl-devel 8/17
Installing : xorg-x11-proto-devel 9/17
Installing : libX11-devel 10/17
Installing : libXrender-devel 11/17
Installing : libXft-devel 12/17
Installing : cairo-devel 13/17
Installing : libXext-devel 14/17
Installing : libXdmcp-devel 15/17
Installing : mesa-libGL-devel 16/17
Installing : pango-devel 17/17
Installed:
cairo-devel.i386 0:1.2.4-5.el5 freetype-devel.i386 0:2.2.1-21.el5_3
libart_lgpl-devel.i386 0:2.3.17-4 libpng-devel.i386 2:1.2.10-7.1.el5_3.2
libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.26-2.1.2.8 pango-devel.i386 0:1.14.9-6.el5
Dependency Installed:
fontconfig-devel.i386 0:2.4.1-7.el5 glib2-devel.i386 0:2.12.3-4.el5_3.1
libX11-devel.i386 0:1.0.3-11.el5 libXau-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-3.1
libXdmcp-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1 libXext-devel.i386 0:1.0.1-2.1
libXft-devel.i386 0:2.1.10-1.1 libXrender-devel.i386 0:0.9.1-3.1
mesa-libGL-devel.i386 0:6.5.1-7.7.el5 xorg-x11-proto-devel.i386 0:7.1-13.el5
zlib-devel.i386 0:1.2.3-3
Complete!
步骤2：下载最新版本的RRDTool源码包
#cd /opt/
#wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.3.1.tar.gz
#tar -zxvf rrdtool-1.3.1.tar.gz
#cd rrdtools
步骤3：编译和安装RRDTool：
您需要设置PKG_CONFIG_PATH，请输入
#export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig/
#./configure
现在，在RHEL上编译和安装RRDTool。
#make
#make install
#cd /usr/local/
#ln -s rrdtool-1.3.1/ rrdtool/
#cd rrdtool
#ls –l
如何验证我的安装呢？
现在RRDTool已经安装上了，并且已经准备好，可以被使用了。您可以到/usr/local/rrdtool/share/rrdtool/examples/ directory 下运行它们去查看你是否成功安装了RRDTool？
#cd /usr/local/rrdtool/share/rrdtool/examples/
#./stripes.pl
#ls -l
#cp stripes.png /var/www/html/ （这一步骤的前提是你本机是个WWW服务器器）
在浏览器中输入http://www.linuxidc.com/ stripes.png ，看看自己的图形；
500)this.width=500;” border=0>
出现以上图，说明我们的安装是成功的。
***可选编译时间设置*****
默认情况下RRDTool将安装在/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1/ directory。 如果想修改默认安装目录，使用一下命令安装：
#./configure –prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool
#make install
#./configure -help
输出一下信息：
`configure’ configures rrdtool 1.3.1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]… [VAR=VALUE]…
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS…), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, –help display this help and exit
–help=short display options specific to this package
–help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, –version display version information and exit
-q, –quiet, –silent do not print `checking…’ messages
–cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, –config-cache alias for `–cache-file=config.cache’
-n, –no-create do not create output files
–srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..’]
Installation directories:
–prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1]
–exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install’ will install all the files in
`/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1/bin’, `/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1/lib’ etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.1′ using `–prefix’,
for instance `–prefix=$HOME’.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
–bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
–sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
–libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
–sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
–sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
–localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
–libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
–includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
–oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
–datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
–datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
–infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
–localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
–mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
–docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/rrdtool]
–htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
–dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
–pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
–psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
–program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
–program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
–program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
System types:
–build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
–host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
–target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
–disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as –enable-FEATURE=no)
–enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
–enable-maintainer-mode enable make rules and dependencies not useful
(and sometimes confusing) to the casual installer
–disable-rrdcgi disable building of rrdcgi
–disable-mmap disable mmap in rrd_update, use seek+write instead
–disable-pthread disable multithread support
–enable-static-programs Build static programs
–disable-dependency-tracking speeds up one-time build
–enable-dependency-tracking do not reject slow dependency extractors
–enable-shared[=PKGS] build shared libraries [default=yes]
–enable-static[=PKGS] build static libraries [default=yes]
–enable-fast-install[=PKGS]
optimize for fast installation [default=yes]
–disable-libtool-lock avoid locking (might break parallel builds)
–disable-libintl i18n support (libintl)
–disable-perl do not build the perl modules
–enable-perl-site-install by default the rrdtool perl modules are installed
together with rrdtool in $prefix/lib/perl. You have to
put a ‘use lib qw($prefix/lib/perl)’ into your scripts
when you want to use them. When you set this option
the perl modules will get installed wherever
your perl setup thinks it is best.
–disable-ruby do not build the ruby modules
–enable-ruby-site-install by default the rrdtool ruby modules are installed
together with rrdtool in $prefix/lib/ruby. You have to
add $prefix/lib/ruby/$ruby_version/$sitearch to you $: variable
for ruby to find the RRD.so file.
–disable-tcl do not build the tcl modules
–enable-tcl-site install the tcl extension in the tcl tree
–disable-python do not build the python modules
Optional Packages:
–with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
–without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as –with-PACKAGE=no)
–with-rrd-default-font=OPTIONS set the full path to your default font.
–with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]
–with-pic try to use only PIC/non-PIC objects [default=use
both]
–with-tags[=TAGS] include additional configurations [automatic]
–with-perl-options=OPTIONS options to pass on command-line when
generating Makefile from Makefile.PL. If you set this
option, interesting things may happen unless you know
what you are doing!
–with-ruby-options=OPTIONS options to pass on command-line when
generating Makefile from extconf.rb. If you set this
option, interesting things may happen unless you know
what you are doing!
–with-tcllib=DIR location of the tclConfig.sh
Some influential environment variables:
RRDGRAPH_YLEGEND_ANGLE
Vertical label angle: -90.0 (default) or 90.0
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CPP C preprocessor
CXX C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags
CXXCPP C++ preprocessor
F77 Fortran 77 compiler command
FFLAGS Fortran 77 compiler flags
PERLCC [] C compiler for Perl modules
PERLCCFLAGS [] CC flags for Perl modules
PERLLD [same], [as], [PERLCC] Linker for Perl modules
PERLLDFLAGS [] LD flags for Perl modules
RRDDOCDIR [DATADIR/doc/PACKAGE-VERSION] Documentation directory
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure’ or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
好了，我们RRDTool就安装完成了。
