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纵观Linux各发行版使用的软件包管理命令，如apt-get ,dpkg, rpm ,yum，emerge等等。在命令行下，利用这类软件包管理方式来安装、卸载软件，升级软件包都将提高操作效率。Linux 的图形界面，也可以很好的完成相关操作。但是，使用命令行方式，将会得到比图形界面更好地体验。
本文给大家讲解Yum的使用15个范例：
Yum软件包管理方式，在Red Hat,Fedora,CentOS等发行版本上运用广泛。
#1，安装软件
命令格式：
yum install packagename
举例：
# yum install postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.0 M
(1/2): postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:11
(2/2): postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 203 kB 00:00
——————————————————————
Total 241 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:12
Running Transaction
Installing : postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Installing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
上述过程中会提示你是否同意安装软件，如果嫌此问麻烦的话，可以使用下面参数-y，直接安装软件：
举例：
# yum -y install postgresql.x86_64
#2，卸载软件
命令格式：
yum remove package举例：
# yum remove postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
—> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15 will be erased
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15
Complete!
#3,升级现有软件包
命令格式：
yum update package使用举例：
# yum update postgresql.x86_64
#4,“yum search”搜索已安装软件包
命令格式：
yum search keyword使用举例,搜索软件包firefox：
# yum search firefox
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
============== N/S Matched: firefox ======================
firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
gnome-do-plugins-firefox.x86_64 : gnome-do-plugins for firefox
mozilla-firetray-firefox.x86_64 : System tray extension for firefox
mozilla-adblockplus.noarch : Adblocking extension for Mozilla Firefox
mozilla-noscript.noarch : JavaScript white list extension for Mozilla Firefox
Name and summary matches only, use “search all” for everything.
#5，使用yum info查看软件包额外信息
命令格式：
yum info package使用举例：
# yum info samba-common.i686
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
Name : samba-common
Arch : i686
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 9.9 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Files used by both Samba servers and clients
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description : Samba-common provides files necessary for both the server and client
: packages of Samba.
#6,“yum list”查看可安装的软件包
下面命令将会列出可安装的软件包：
# yum list | less
#7,“yum list installed”列出已安装软件包
可使用命令“yum list installed” 查看在系统上已安装的软件包：
# yum list installed | less
#8,”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包
大家可以使用”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包：
举例：
# yum provides /etc/sysconfig/nfs
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-10.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/sysconfig/nfs
#9,”yum grouplist”列出可获得的软件组
在yum中，几个相关的软件包会被放在一个特定的组内。大家安装某个软件组，这样就会安装该组所有的软件包。
使用举例：
# yum grouplist
Installed Groups:
Administration Tools
Base
Design Suite
….
Installed Language Groups:
Arabic Support [ar]
Armenian Support [hy]
Bengali Support [bn]
….
Available Groups:
Authoring and Publishing
Books and Guides
Clustering
DNS Name Server
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Directory Server
Dogtag Certificate System
…
#10,使用yum groupinstall 安装某个特定软件组：
上个命令是列出软件组，使用“yum groupinstall ”来安装特定的软件组：
使用举例：
# yum groupinstall ‘DNS Name Server’
Dependencies Resolved
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.6 M
(1/2): bind-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:15
(2/2): bind-chroot-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 69 kB 00:00
—————————————————————–
Total 235 kB/s | 3.6 MB 00:15
Installed:
bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.0-9.P4.fc15
Dependency Installed:
bind.x86_64 32:9.8.0-9.P4.fc15
Complete!
#11,使用“groupupdate”升级软件组
使用“yum groupinstall”安装软件组后，可用下面命令升级该软件组到最新版本：
# yum groupupdate ‘Graphical Internet’
Dependencies Resolved
Upgrade 5 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Updating : evolution-data-server-3.0.2-1.fc15.x86_64 1/10
Updating : evolution-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 2/10
Updating : evolution-NetworkManager-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 3/10
Updating : evolution-help-3.0.2-3.fc15.noarch 4/10
Updating : empathy-3.0.2-3.fc15.x86_64 5/10
Cleanup : evolution-NetworkManager-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 6/10
Cleanup : evolution-help-3.0.1-1.fc15.noarch 7/10
Cleanup : evolution-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 8/10
Cleanup : empathy-3.0.1-3.fc15.x86_64 9/10
Cleanup : evolution-data-server-3.0.1-1.fc15.x86_64 10/10
Complete!
#12,”yum groupremove”卸载软件组
使用举例：
# yum groupremove ‘DNS Name Server’
Dependencies Resolved
Remove 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Erasing : 32:bind-9.8.0-9.P4.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
#13,列出当前yum软件源
使用举例
# yum repolist
repo id repo name status
Fedora Fedora 15 – x86_64 24,085
updates Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Updates 5,612
列出所有软件源(“yum repolist all”)：
# yum repolist all
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 – x86_64 enabled: 24,085
fedora-debuginfo Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Debug disabled
fedora-source Fedora 15 – Source disabled
rawhide-debuginfo Fedora – Rawhide – Debug disabled
rawhide-source Fedora – Rawhide – Source disabled
updates Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Updates enabled: 5,612
updates-debuginfo Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Updates – Debug disabled
updates-source Fedora 15 – Updates Source disabled
updates-testing Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Test Updates disabled
updates-testing-debuginfo Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Test Updates Debug disabled
updates-testing-source Fedora 15 – Test Updates Source disabled
也可以使用命令“yum repositories disabled”查看已损坏的软件源。
#14，使用“yum –enablerepo”从已损坏软件源安装软件
默认情况下，yum安装软件只从当前未被损坏的软件源中安装软件。如果我们想要从已损坏源中安装软件，可以使用命令：
# yum –enablerepo=fedora-source install vim-X11.x86_64
Dependencies Resolved
Install 1 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Installing : 2:vim-X11-7.3.138-1.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Complete!
#15,使用Yum Shell
如下事例：
# yum shell
Setting up Yum Shell
> info samba.x86_64
Available Packages
Name : samba
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 4.6 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Server and Client software to interoperate with Windows machines
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description :
: Samba is the suite of programs by which a lot of PC-related
: machines share files, printers, and other information (such as
: lists of available files and printers). The Windows NT, OS/2, and
: Linux operating systems support this natively, and add-on packages
: can enable the same thing for DOS, Windows, VMS, UNIX of all
: kinds, MVS, and more. This package provides an SMB/CIFS server
: that can be used to provide network services to SMB/CIFS clients.
: Samba uses NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocols and does NOT
: need the NetBEUI (Microsoft Raw NetBIOS frame) protocol.
>
可以使用yum shell 运行多个命令：
举例：
# cat yum_cmd.txt
repolist
info nfs-utils-lib.x86_64
# yum shell yum_cmd.txt
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 – x86_64 24,085
updates Fedora 15 – x86_64 – Updates 5,612
Available Packages
Name : nfs-utils-lib
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.1.5
Release : 5.fc15
Size : 61 k
Repo : fedora
Summary : Network File System Support Library
URL : http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/linux/
License : BSD
Description : Support libraries that are needed by the commands and
: daemons the nfs-utils rpm.
Leaving Shell
