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附件包内容: 程序源码，超级简易Makefile模板，usbasp可烧录51的固件程序，相关文档。
附件下载：
免费下载地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/
用户名与密码都是www.linuxidc.com
具体下载目录在 /2012年资料/5月/25日/Ubuntu下的AT89S52，S51+SDCC+USBASP的开发环境搭建/
系列说明：Linux下程序开发具有一定的成熟性，包括大部分的MCU，FPGA,DSP甚至PCB制图等都是可行的。本系列将针对51系列的MCU.。
本文环境如下：
OS系统：Ubuntu 12.04
编译器 ：sdcc
烧录软件 :avrdude
烧录器件 :usbasp
开发板：
开发板的确是有个小的，不过这次特意搭接了一个个人的小面包板版本，为此表示～不要怕开发MCU没有硬件基础，只要去做，其实开发就是这么容易～
如下图
最好弄运行的时候只需要电池1.2V*4，用了3个3.6V就可行（我的电池座忘带了，直接连起来啦）～建议最好有个USB接出来的5V电源或者自己有个变压器做的稳压电源，面包板上有一个电源小板子就是如此功能，不过这里没有使用。
注：旁边的小板子是USBASP，也有供电功能～此处就放在那里做个合影～哈～
程序编写：Vim（升级版的记事本，很好用，很推荐）
准备：
软件安装，软件安装建议使用ubuntu的软件中心，比较方便。需要sdcc，avrdude即可了。文本编辑什么都行。可以集成在codeblocks和eclipse里面（51没干过），ubuntu下有个51MCU的IDE，可以下来用‘mcu8051ide’ 。
对于命令行可以如下安装
sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install avrdude
然后就都安装完毕了。下一步就可以开始了。
源程序：
开始之前需要先写一个main.c的程序
这是一个很简单让一个blink的程序。
- #include <8052.h>
- typedef unsigned int size_t;
- #define LED P0_0
- void delay(size_t t)
- {
- while(t–);
- }
- void main()
- {
- while(1)
- {
- LED = 0;
- delay(20000);
- LED = 1;
- delay(20000);
- }
- }
编译：
之后就要编译程序把程序变成单片机能使用的*.elf *.bin *.hex之类的
这里我们使用的是SDCC默认编译出现的*.ihx (intel hex)
在当前目录下执行
- sdcc -mmcs51 main.c
注 ： 没有-mmcs51也可以。
当面目录下就会生成好多好多文件～记住我们需要的main.ihx~
配置avrdude:
使用avrdude烧写
我们不能直接使用avrdude烧写，这是因为它默认只支持AVR芯片，但是通过一些配置，我们可以使用它来烧写。
对于8051芯片，我们有三种配置文件，分别适用于不同的型号。看看你要哪一种，然后复制到/etc/avrdude.conf并保存。
（sudo gedit /etc/avrdude.conf）
For AT89S51
- #————————————————————
- # AT89S51
- #————————————————————
- part
- id = “8052”;
- desc = “AT89S51”;
- signature = 0x1E 0x51 0x06;
- chip_erase_delay = 500000;
- pgm_enable = “1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1”,
- “x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x”;
- chip_erase = “1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 x x x x x”,
- “x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x”;
- timeout = 200;
- stabdelay = 100;
- cmdexedelay = 25;
- synchloops = 32;
- bytedelay = 0;
- pollindex = 3;
- pollvalue = 0x53;
- predelay = 1;
- postdelay = 1;
- pollmethod = 0;
- memory “flash”
- size = 4096;
- paged = no;
- min_write_delay = 4000;
- max_write_delay = 9000;
- readback_p1 = 0xff;
- readback_p2 = 0xff;
- read = ” 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0″,
- ” x x x a12 a11 a10 a9 a8″,
- ” a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0″,
- ” o o o o o o o o”;
- write = ” 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0″,
- ” x x x a12 a11 a10 a9 a8″,
- ” a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0″,
- ” i i i i i i i i”;
- mode = 0x21;
- delay = 12;
- ;
- memory “signature”
- size = 3;
- read = “0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 x x x 0 0 0 a1 a0”,
- “0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o”;
- ;
- ;
For AT89S52
- #————————————————————
- # AT89S52
- #————————————————————
- part
- id = “8052”;
- desc = “AT89S52”;
- signature = 0x1E 0x52 0x06;
- chip_erase_delay = 500000;
- pgm_enable = “1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1”,
- “x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x”;
- chip_erase = “1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 x x x x x”,
- “x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x”;
- timeout = 200;
- stabdelay = 100;
- cmdexedelay = 25;
- synchloops = 32;
- bytedelay = 0;
- pollindex = 3;
- pollvalue = 0x53;
- predelay = 1;
- postdelay = 1;
- pollmethod = 0;
- memory “flash”
- size = 8192;
- paged = no;
- min_write_delay = 4000;
- max_write_delay = 9000;
- readback_p1 = 0xff;
- readback_p2 = 0xff;
- read = ” 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0″,
- ” x x x a12 a11 a10 a9 a8″,
- ” a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0″,
- ” o o o o o o o o”;
- write = ” 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0″,
- ” x x x a12 a11 a10 a9 a8″,
- ” a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0″,
- ” i i i i i i i i”;
- mode = 0x21;
- delay = 12;
- ;
- memory “signature”
- size = 3;
- read = “0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 x x x 0 0 0 a1 a0”,
- “0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o”;
- ;
- ;
For AT89S8253
- #————————————————————
- # AT89S8253
- #————————————————————
- part
- id = “8253”;
- desc = “AT89S8253”;
- chip_erase_delay = 20000;
- pgm_enable = “1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1”,
- “x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x”;
- chip_erase = “1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 x x x x x”,
- “x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x”;
- timeout = 200;
- stabdelay = 100;
- cmdexedelay = 25;
- synchloops = 32;
- bytedelay = 0;
- pollindex = 3;
- pollvalue = 0x53;
- predelay = 1;
- postdelay = 1;
- pollmethod = 0;
- memory “flash”
- size = 12288;
- paged = no;
- min_write_delay = 4000;
- max_write_delay = 9000;
- readback_p1 = 0xff;
- readback_p2 = 0xff;
- read = ” 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0″,
- ” x x a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8″,
- ” a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0″,
- ” o o o o o o o o”;
- write = ” 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0″,
- ” x x a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8″,
- ” a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0″,
- ” i i i i i i i i”;
- mode = 0x21;
- delay = 12;
- ;
- memory “signature”
- size = 2;
- readback_p1 = 0x1E;
- readback_p2 = 0x73;
- read = “0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 x x x x x x x x”,
- “x x 1 1 0 0 0 a0 o o o o o o o o”;
- ;
- ;
特意要说明一下的是，网上有些配置在S51和S52的delay的参数上给的20000，这个delay太短了，在验证代码的时候会出错。因此还是建议用如上的配置。
使用avrdude烧写：
配置完成之后，就可以烧写啦～要用main.hex哦～
- monkey@monkey-ThinkPad-E425:~/McuWork/51_SDCC/workpace/Blink$ make program
- sudo avrdude -p 8052 -c usbasp -e -U flash:w:’./main.ihx’
-
- avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
- avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
-
- Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
-
- avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e5206
- avrdude: erasing chip
- avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
- avrdude: reading input file “./main.ihx”
- avrdude: input file ./main.ihx auto detected as Intel Hex
- avrdude: writing flash (140 bytes):
-
- Writing | ################################################## | 100% 1.69s
-
- avrdude: 140 bytes of flash written
- avrdude: verifying flash memory against ./main.ihx:
- avrdude: load data flash data from input file ./main.ihx:
- avrdude: input file ./main.ihx auto detected as Intel Hex
- avrdude: input file ./main.ihx contains 140 bytes
- avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
-
- Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.57s
-
- avrdude: verifying …
- avrdude: 140 bytes of flash verified
-
- avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK
-
- avrdude done. Thank you.
-
- monkey@monkey-ThinkPad-E425:~/McuWork/51_SDCC/workpace/Blink$
搞定哈～
选项说明(Options)：
- -p specifies the type of the MCU connected to the programmer.
- -c specifies the default programmer
- -e causes a chip erase to be executed.
- -U memtype:op:filename
- The op field specifies what operation to perform:
- r read device memory and write to the specified file
- w read data from the specified file and write to the device memory
- v read data from both the device and the specified file and perform a verify
我也做过一个。。不过自己做的腐蚀板子出来的相对看很丑啊～～我也出去开板子做了就2个了，如果大连理工的同学想要的话可以联系下（空板）。(这个USBASP网上买都不到10元～感谢S51系列的在线编程吧，可别买成C51了，那就乖乖用并口或其他烧录吧～至于STC的可以用串口烧录，那就更方便了，不过STC烧录软件没有linux版本的。遗憾了。)
附录：
单源文件简易Makefile
make : 编译
make hex : 生成*.hex
make program : 烧录
- #=============================================================================
- # FileName: Makefile
- # Desc: sdcc signal file
- # Author: Galaxy2416(Gin)
- # Email: sunxiao.gin@gmail.com
- # Compiler: sdcc
- # Version: 0.0.1
- # LastChange: 2012-05-19 16:30:35
- # History:
- #=============================================================================
- CC=sdcc
- SOURCE = $(wildcard *.c)
- all :
- $(CC) -mmcs51 $(SOURCE)
- hex:
- packihx ‘$(wildcard *.ihx)’ > ‘$(patsubst %.ihx,%.hex,$(wildcard *.ihx))’
- program :
- sudo avrdude -p 8052 -c usbasp -e -U flash:w:’./$(wildcard *.ihx)’
- .PHONY: clean
- clean:
- rm -f *.bak
- rm -f *.rel
- rm -f *.asm
- rm -f *.lst
- rm -f *.sym
- rm -f *.map
- rm -f *.lnk
- rm -f *.mem
- rm -f *.i
- rm -f *.d
- rm -f *.rst
