Linux认证辅导：RH253试题及其答案-服务器评测

说明：

1、以下每个服务要求服务器重启后依然有效；

2、yum服务通过http://172.16.0.1/yum提供；

3、要求selinux处于permissive状态；

4、本地网络为172.16.X.0/24，测试网络为192.168.0.0/24；

5、每位同学的IP地址为172.16.X.1, 子网掩码为255.255.0.0，网关为172.16.0.1，DNS服务器为172.16.0.1，主机名为stuX.example.com，其中X为你的座位号；

1、主机名称解析服务器配置，要求：

1)建立DNS服务器，负责解析的域为linuxidc.com；

2)要求将MX记录指向mail.linuxidc.com，且对应A记录为本机IP；

3)要求将NS记录指向ns.linuxidc.com，且对应A记录为本机IP；

4)建立www1,www2,proxy等A记录指向本机IP；为mail主机建立别名记录pop3和imaps；

5)为所有A记录建立PTR记录；

6)linuxidc.com区域仅允许172.16.0.0/16网络中的主机做区域传送；对应的反向区域不允许任何主机做区域传送；

7)为正向区域建立子域委派，两个子域为tech.linuxidc.com和fin.linuxidc.com，子域服务器地址为172.16.x.5；（仅给出实现授权的记录即可）

8)将example.com域的所有请求转发至172.16.0.1进行解析；

9)此DNS服务拒绝192.168.1.0/24网络内的任何主机使用；

参考答案:

# yum install -y bind //安装bind软件包

# yum install -y caching-nameserver //会自动生成named.ca和localhost的区域配置文件

# vi /etc/named.conf //手动建立DNS所需要的主配置文件

options {

directory “/var/named”;

};

zone “.” IN {

type hint;

file “named.ca”;

};

zone “example.com” IN {

type forward;

forwarders { 172.16.0.1; };

forward only;

};

zone “linuxidc.com” IN {

type master;

file “linuxidc.com”;

allow-transfer { 172.16.0.0/16; };

};

zone “34.16.172.in-addr.arpa” IN {

type master;

file “34.16.172.zone”;

allow-transfer { none; };

};

# cd /var/named

# vi linuxidc.com

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA ns.linuxidc.com. linuxidc.admin.com. (

2012033000

28800

14400

3600000

86400 )

IN NS dns.linuxidc.com.

IN MX 5 mail.linuxidc.com.

tech.linuxidc.com IN NS ns.tech.linuxidc.com.

fin.linuxidc.com IN NS ns.fin.linuxidc.com.

ns.tech.linuxidc.com IN A 172.16.34.5

ns.fin.linuxidc.com IN A 172.16.34.5

dns IN A 172.16.34.1

mail IN A 172.16.34.1

www1 IN A 172.16.34.1

www2 IN A 172.16.34.1

proxy IN A 172.16.34.1

pop3 IN CNAME mail

imaps IN CNAME mail

# vi 34.16.172.zone

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA ns.linuxidc.com. linuxidc.admin.com. (

2012033000

28800

14400

3600000

86400 )

IN NS dns.linuxidc.com.

1 IN PTR dns.linuxidc.com.

1 IN PTR www1.linuxidc.com.

1 IN PTR www2.linuxidc.com.

1 IN PTR mail.linuxidc.com.

1 IN PTR proxy.linuxidc.com.

# service named restart

# iptables -A INPUT -d 192.168.1.0/24 -p udp –dport 53 -j REJECT

# iptables -A INPUT -d 192.168.1.0/24 -p tdp –dport 53 -j REJECT

2、对本机的sshd服务做访问控制，要求:

1)仅允许172.16.0.0/16网段的主机访问；

2)仅通过ssh协议的v2版提供服务；

3)仅允许root用户、develop组和dba组中的用户访问；

参考答案：

# vim /etc/hosts.allow

sshd:172.16.

# vim /etc/hosts.deny

sshd:ALL

# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Protocol 2 //默认开户

# vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth-ac //新加入以下一行

auth required pam_listfile.so item=group file=/etc/.pam sense=allow

# vi /etc/.pam

develop

dba

# usermod -a -G dba root

3、建立httpd服务器，要求：

1)提供两个基于名称的虚拟主机:

(a)www1.linuxidc.com，页面文件目录为/var/www/html/www1；错误日志为/var/log/httpd/www1.err，访问日志为/var/log/httpd/www1.access；

(b)www2.linuxidc.com，页面文件目录为/var/www/html/www2；错误日志为/var/log/httpd/www2.err，访问日志为/var/log/httpd/www2.access；

(c)为两个虚拟主机建立各自的主页文件index.html，内容分别为其对应的主机名；

2)www1主机仅允许172.16.0.0/16网络中的客户机访问；www2主机可以被所有主机访问；

参考答案

# yum groupinstall -y “Development Libraries” “Development Tools” “X Software Development”

# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

# rpm -Uvh apr-1.4.6-1.i386.rpm

# rpm -Uvh apr-devel-1.4.6-1.i386.rpm

# rpm -Uvh apr-util-1.4.1-1.i386.rpm

# rpm -Uvh apr-util-devel-1.4.1-1.i386.rpm

# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

如果没有以上版本的apr和apr-util软件包的rpm版，也可以使用源码包编译安装

安装的时候指定–prefix路径，然后在编译apache的时候，使用–apr=/path/to/apr –apr-util=/path/to/apr-util

# tar xf httpd-2.4.1.tar.bz2

# cd httpd-2.4.1

# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache –sysconfdir=/etc/httpd/ –enable-so –enable-ssl –enable-cgi –enable-rewrite –with-zlib

# make

# make install

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

把第464行的#号去掉，结果如下

463 # Virtual hosts

464 Include /etc/httpd//extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# cd /etc/httpd/extra

# vim httpd-vhosts.conf

将系统自带的虚拟主机给注释掉（第23到38行前面加#号），然后仿照系统自带的自己写两个虚拟主机，配置如下

ServerAdmin admin@linuxidc.com

DocumentRoot “/var/www/html/www1”

ServerName “www1.linuxidc.com”

CustomLog “/var/log/httpd/www1.access” common

ErrorLog “/var/log/httpd/www1.err”

Require ip 172.16.0.0/16

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin admin@linuxidc.com

DocumentRoot “/var/www/html/www2”

ServerName “www2.linuxidc.com”

CustomLog “/var/log/httpd/www2.access” common

ErrorLog “/var/log/httpd/www2.err”

Require all granted

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/www1

# mkdir -p /var/www/html/www2

# mkdir -p /var/log/httpd/

# cd /var/www/html/www1/

# echo “<h1><center>www1.linuxidc.com</center></h1>” >index.html

# cd ../www2

# echo “<h1><center>www2.linuxidc.com</center></h1>” >index.html

# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

4、建立nginx服务器，要求：

1)通过8080端口提供服务；

2)提供两个基于名称的虚拟主机(都通过8080端口提供服务)：

(a)www1.linuxidc.com:8080，页面文件目录为/www/html/www1；错误日志为/var/log/nginx/www1.err，访问日志

为/var/log/nginx/www1.access；

(b)www2.linuxidc.com:8080，页面文件目录为/www/html/www2；错误日志为/var/log/nginx/www2.err，访问日志

为/var/log/nginx/www2.access；

3)www2主机仅允许172.16.0.0/16网络中的主机访问；

4)为nginx提供sysv服务控制脚本；

5)本机的8080端口仅允许已经建立的连接请求出站，仅允许新请求和已建立连接的请求入站；

参考答案：

# groupadd -r nginx

# useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx

# tar xf nginx-1.0.14.tar.gz

# cd nginx-1.0.14

./configure \

–prefix=/usr \

–sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \

–conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \

–error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \

–http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \

–pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \

–lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \

–user=nginx \

–group=nginx \

–with-http_ssl_module \

–with-http_flv_module \

–with-http_stub_status_module \

–with-http_gzip_static_module \

–http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \

–http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \

–http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \

–http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \

–http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \

–with-pcre

# make

# make install

# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

写入以下内容

#!/bin/sh

# nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon

# chkconfig: – 85 15

# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \

# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

# processname: nginx

# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx

# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.

[ “$NETWORKING” = “no” ] && exit 0

nginx=”/usr/sbin/nginx”

prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE=”/etc/nginx/nginx.conf”

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {

# make required directories

user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep “configure arguments:” | sed ‘s/[^*]*–user=$[^ ]*$.*/\1/g’ -`

options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep ‘configure arguments:’`

for opt in $options; do

if [ `echo $opt | grep ‘.*-temp-path’` ]; then

value=`echo $opt | cut -d “=” -f 2`

if [ ! -d “$value” ]; then

# echo “creating” $value

mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value

done

}

start() {

[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

make_dirs

echo -n $”Starting $prog: “

daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

retval=$?

echo

[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

return $retval

}

stop() {

echo -n $”Stopping $prog: “

killproc $prog -QUIT

retval=$?

echo

[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

return $retval

}

restart() {

configtest || return $?

stop

sleep 1

start

}

reload() {

configtest || return $?

echo -n $”Reloading $prog: “

killproc $nginx -HUP

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

force_reload() {

restart

}

configtest() {

$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

}

rh_status() {

status $prog

}

rh_status_q() {

rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

}

case “$1” in

start)

rh_status_q && exit 0

;;

stop)

rh_status_q || exit 0

;;

restart|configtest)

;;

reload)

rh_status_q || exit 7

;;

force-reload)

force_reload

;;

status)

rh_status

;;

condrestart|try-restart)

rh_status_q || exit 0

;;

echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}”

exit 2

esac

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

# chkconfig –add nginx

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 添加以下内容，把原来的server虚拟主机给注释掉，不然会跟apache的80端口冲突

以下内容，要写到http关键字里面，不能写到其它server或者location里面，不然会报错

server {

listen 8080;

server_name www1.linuxidc.com;

root /www/html/www1;

index index.html;

access_log /var/log/nginx/www1.access main;

error_log /var/log/nginx/www1.err;

}

server {

listen 8080;

server_name www2.linuxidc.com;

root /www/html/www2/;

index index.html;

access_log /var/log/nginx/www2.access;

error_log /var/log/nginx/www2.err;

location / {

allow 172.16.0.0/16;

deny all;

}

# mkdir -p /www/html/www1

# mkdir -p /www/html/www2

# cd /www/html/www1/

# echo “<h1><center>Nginx www1.linuxidc.com</center></h1>” >index.html

# cd ../www2

# echo “<h1><center>Nginx www2.linuxidc.com</center></h1>” >index.html

# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp –sport 22 -j ACCEPT

# iptables -P INPUT DROP

# iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 8080 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp –sport 8080 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp –sport 80 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

5、为第3题中的第2个虚拟主机提供https服务，使得用户可以通过https安全的访问此web站点；

(1)要求使用证书认证，证书中要求使用的国家(CN)、州(Henan)、城市(Zhengzhou)和组织(linux)；

(2)设置部门为TECH，主机名为www2.linuxidc.com，邮件为admin@linuxidc.com；

(3)此服务禁止来自于192.168.0.0/24网络中的主机访问；

参考答案：

# cd /etc/pki/tls/

# vim openssl.cnf //修改45行dir后面的内容

[ CA_default ]

dir = /etc/pki/CA # Where everything is kept

# cd ../CA

# mkdir certs

# mkdir crl

# mkdir newcerts

# touch index.txt

# echo 01 >serial

# echo 01 >sernumber

# (umask 077;openssl genrsa 2048 >private/cakey.pem)

# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3655

# cd /etc/httpd/

# mkdir ssl && cd ssl

# (umask 077;openssl genrsa 1024 >httpd.key)

# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr

# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf //开户ssl的虚拟主机，去掉481行的#号即可，如下

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections

Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

加载ssl所需要的模块，打开第88行和第128行的注释

88 LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so

128 LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so

# vi ../extra/httpd-ssl.conf //修改ssl虚拟主机的配置文件，系统默认的有一个虚拟主机，修改一下即可使用

<VirtualHost _default_:443> //在第83行

# General setup for the virtual host

DocumentRoot “/var/www/html/www2”

ServerName www2.linuxidc.com:443

ServerAdmin admin@linuxidc.com

ErrorLog “/var/log/httpd/error_log”

TransferLog “/var/log/httpd/access_log”

require all granted

</Directory>

打开以下注释

SSLCertificateFile “/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt” 106行

SSLCertificateKeyFile “/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key” 116行

# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 443 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp –sport 443 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

如果不能访问，直接停止iptables服务

6、为第3题中的第1个虚拟主机提供php+mysql的服务，要求：

(1)通过在原有主页中添加phpinfo()测试页表明启用php成功；

(2)将mysql的root用户密码设置为”123456″(引号中的内容);

(3)通过http://www1.linuxidc.com/pma提供本机mysql服务的web管理接口；

参考答案：

# mkdir -p /mydata/data

# groupadd -r mysql

# useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /mydata/data mysql

# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data

# tar xf mysql-5.5.20-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# cd /usr/local/

# ln -sv mysql-5.5.20-linux2.6-i686/ /usr/local/mysql

# cd mysql

# chown -R mysql:mysql .

# scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/mydata/data

# chown -R root .

# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# vi /etc/my.cnf

thread_concurrency = 2 //第39行

datadir = /mydata/data //新加一行

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig –add mysqld

# vi /etc/man.config

MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man //新加一行

# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql

# echo ‘/usr/local/mysql/lib’ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

# ldconfig

# vi /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

# . /etc/profile

# service mysqld start

# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. //看到welcome说明mysql正常

mysql> quit

# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456

# tar xf php-5.3.10.tar.bz2

# cd php-5.3.10

# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-openssl –with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –enable-

mbstring –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –with-

apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs

# make

# make install

# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

添加如下二行

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //378行

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

定位至DirectoryIndex index.html

修改为：

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

# cd /var/www/html/www2/

# vi index.php //内容如下

<?php

phpinfo();

然后访问测试一下就OK了。

# tar xf phpMyAdmin-3.4.10.1-all-languages.tar.bz2

# mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.10.1-all-languages pma

# cd pma

# mv config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

# vi config.inc.php //在等号后面随便写点儿内容。然后就可以访问管理MYSQL了

$cfg[‘blowfish_secret’] = ‘234lsajfljsafsaf’; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */

错误总结：

安装的时候，报以下错误

120330 20:47:27 [ERROR] ./bin/mysqld: unknown option ‘–skip-locking

解决：

#　rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

7、架设FTP服务器，要求：

(1)可以让匿名用户访问；

(2)通过基于mysql的虚拟用户为ftpuser1和ftpuser2提供文件共享服务；且ftpuser1可以上传文件、创建目录、删除文件和下载文件，但ftpuser2只能

下载文件；

(3)FTP服务仅允许172.16.0.0/16中的主机访问，且每秒钟接受的新请求的个数不能超过10个；

(4)开启ftp服务的传输日志，日志文件为/var/log/vsftpd.log；

参考答案：

# yum install -y vsftpd

# tar xf pam_mysql-0.7RC1.tar.gz

# cd pam_mysql-0.7RC1

# ./configure –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-openssl

# make

# make install

# ls /usr/lib/security/ //可以看到有以下两个文件生成

pam_mysql.la pam_mysql.so

# cp /usr/lib/security/* /lib/security/

# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> create database vsftpd;

mysql> grant select on vsftpd.* to vsftpd@localhost identified by ‘123456’;

mysql> grant select on vsftpd.* to vsftpd@127.0.0.1 identified by ‘123456’;

mysql> use vsftpd;

mysql> create table users (

-> id int AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,

-> name char(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE KEY,

-> passwd char(48) NOT NULL,

-> primary key(id)

-> );

mysql> insert into users(name,passwd) values(‘ftpuser1’,password(‘123456’));

mysql> insert into users(name,passwd) values(‘ftpuser2’,password(‘123456’));

mysql> flush privileges;

# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftp.mysql

auth required /lib/security/pam_mysql.so user=vsftpd passwd=123456 host=localhost db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=passwd

crypt=2

account required lib/security/pam_mysql.so user=vsftpd passwd=123456 host=localhost db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=passwd

crypt=2

#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/ftproot vsftp

#chmod go+rx /var/ftproot

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf //添加以下

chroot_local_user=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=vsftp

pam_service_name=vsftpd.mysql

# service vsftpd restart //重启，以验证虚拟用户是不是可以登陆

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf //添加一项

user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd_user_conf

# mkdir /etc/vsftpd_user_conf

# vi /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/ftpuser1

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

# vi /etc/vsftpd_user_conf/ftpuser2

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_upload_enable=NO

anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

anon_other_write_enable=NO

修改主配置文件

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

xferlog_enable=YES

xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

# iptables

# iptables -A INPUT -d 172.16.34.1 -p tcp –dport 80 -m limit –limit 1/second –limit-burst 3 -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

8、设置/data目录通过nfs共享，但仅允许172.16.0.0/16网段的主机访问；

参考答案：

# vi /etc/exports

/data 172.16.0.0/16(ro,sync)

9、为第4题中的第1个虚拟主机提供php+mysql的服务，要求：

(1)通过在原有主页中添加phpinfo()测试页表明启用php成功；

(2)mysql服务器使用跟第6题中的同一个mysql，而php则需要编译安装最新版本；

(3)通过http://www1.linuxidc.com:8080/wp提供wordpress博客系统；

参考答案：

# rm -rf /root/php-5.3.10

# tar xf php-5.3.10.tar.bz2

# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php4nginx –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-openssl –enable-fpm –with-

mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –enable-mbstring –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib-dir –with-libxml-

dir=/usr –enable-xml –with-bz2 –with-curl

# make

# make install

# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php4nginx/etc/php.ini

# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm

# cp /usr/local/php4nginx/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php4nginx/etc/php-fpm.conf

# vim /usr/local/php4nginx/etc/php-fpm.conf

启用如下选项：

pm.max_children = 50

pm.start_servers = 5

pm.min_spare_servers = 2

pm.max_spare_servers = 8

pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid

# chkconfig –add php-fpm

# service php-fpm start //可能会提示失败，查看下9000端口，开关的话，说明就OK

143

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

在要启用php的server里面，写入以下内容即可，并在index 里面加入index.php

location ~ \.php$ {

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

#vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params //删除原有内容，改成以下的

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

最后，我的nginx的web1配置文件如下

server {

listen 8080;

server_name www1.linuxidc.com;

root /www/html/www1;

index index.php index.html;

access_log /var/log/nginx/www1.access main;

error_log /var/log/nginx/www1.err;

location ~ \.php$ {

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

# cd /www/html/www1

# vi index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

# service nginx restart

可以测试PHP了

测试没问题的话，开始布置wordpress

# cd /www/html/www1/

# mv /root/wordpress-3.3.1-zh_CN.zip .

# unzip /root/wordpress-3.3.1-zh_CN.zip

# mv wordpress wp

# cd wp

# mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

# vi wp-config.php //填上相应的数据库相关信息

define(‘DB_NAME’, ‘wp’);

define(‘DB_USER’, ‘wp’);

define(‘DB_PASSWORD’, ‘123456’);

define(‘DB_HOST’, ‘localhost’);

# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> create database wp;

mysql> grant all privileges on wp.* to wp@localhost identified by ‘123456’;

mysql> flush all privileges;

然后客户端通过WEB页面，进行WP的安装即可。

10、通过PAM完成以下功能：

(1)禁止root用户在tty6终端登录；

(2)设置Ubuntu用户登录系统后所能够打开的文件个数硬限制为200，软限制为120；

(3)设置develop组中的用户登录系统后所能够运行的进程数的硬限制为300，软限制为200；

参考答案：

# vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth

auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so

# vi /etc/securetty

删除tty6

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

ubuntu soft nofile 120

ubuntu hard nofile 200

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

@develop soft nproc 200

@develop hard nproc 300

11、设置telnet服务，要求：

(1)仅允许来自于192.168.0.0/24中的主机访问此服务；

(2)每个IP所能够发起的并发连接请求最多为6个；

(3)此服务所接受的最大并发连接数为20，达到20时则暂停提供服务10秒钟；

参考答案：

# vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet

service telnet

{

flags = REUSE

socket_type = stream

wait = no

user = root

server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd

log_on_failure += USERID

disable = no

only_from = 192.168.0.0/24

per_source = 6

instances = 20

cps = 20 10

}

12、设定本机对ping请求的响应：

(1)本机仅接受来自于172.16.0.0/16网络的ping请求，且请求频度每秒不能超过10个；

(2)本机可以向其它任意主机发起Ping请求；

参考答案：

# iptables -A INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -p icmp –icmp-type 8 -m limit –limit 8/second –limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -p icmp –icmp-type 0 -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp –icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT

# iptables -A INPUT -p icmp –icmp-type 0 -j ACCEPT

13、为第4题中的nginx服务的第二个虚拟机建立访问控制，要求：

1)为此虚拟主机提供基本认证功能，并为其提供两个虚拟用户webuser1和webuser2，密码均为RedHat，要求允许此两用户在提供密码的情况下访问此站点；

参考答案：

# /usr/local/apache/bin/htpasswd -cm /etc/nginx/.htpasswd webuser1

# /usr/local/apache/bin/htpasswd -m /etc/nginx/.htpasswd webuser2

# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

server {

listen 8080;

server_name www2.linuxidc.com;

root /www/html/www2/;

index index.html;

access_log /var/log/nginx/www2.access;

error_log /var/log/nginx/www2.err;

auth_basic “Hi Buddy.”;

auth_basic_user_file “/etc/nginx/.htpasswd”;

location / {

allow 172.16.0.0/16;

deny all;

}

至此，已完成全部题目。nginx的web1和web2的最终配置为

附件

server {

listen 8080;

server_name www1.linuxidc.com;

root /www/html/www1;

index index.php index.html;

access_log /var/log/nginx/www1.access main;

error_log /var/log/nginx/www1.err;

location ~ \.php$ {

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

server {

listen 8080;

server_name www2.linuxidc.com;

root /www/html/www2/;

index index.html;

access_log /var/log/nginx/www2.access;

error_log /var/log/nginx/www2.err;

auth_basic “Hi Buddy.”;

auth_basic_user_file “/etc/nginx/.htpasswd”;

location / {

allow 172.16.0.0/16;

deny all;

}

Linux认证辅导：RH253试题及其答案

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