服务器评测
最近在公司搭建Ubuntu 12.04 64bit环境过程中收到各种的折磨，在这里整理了下，贴出来希望对大家有所帮助。文章有不足的地方请大家提醒我更正。
始终是超级小白鼠就来尝试下最新的包的安装，测试了好多次之后，终于安装Ubuntu 12.04 64bit成功的了，现在安装在本地的虚拟机上，安装通过，现在拿的是linode的虚拟机做测试。安装完成后记录步骤如下，大家如果不是用Lnmp之类的自动安装脚本，如果对于安装细节不是很明白，可以建议自己动手操作一边，明白现在所需要的相关的组件的安装过程，也能更深入的了解系统的各个部分。
操作系统版本：Ubuntu 12.04 64bit
使用root账号登陆系统，建立相关的目录
下载存放路径
/home/ubuntu/down
安装目录
/usr/local/php #install php-5.4.3
/usr/local/mysql #install mysql5.5.25
/usr/local/openresty #ngx_openresty-1.0.15.9
/usr/local/redis #2.4.14
存储
/storage/redis
配置文件路径：
php配置
/usr/local/php/etc/php/php.ini
/usr/local/php/etc/php/php-fpm.ini
nginx配置
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
项目部署的代码路径，分项目在整个目录下,这里其实有很多的混合的代码，咋个组织比较好呢？
/source/
/source/restybuddy
安装完系统之后，设置root权限
设置root账户
sudo passwd root #设置root的密码
su – root #切换到root正好
替换服务器最近的源
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
看属于哪个国家，替换最快的源，这样更新会更快些
更新服务器时间(这里有不同的时区可以自己更改）
rm -rf /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
修改系统时间
apt-get install -y ntpdate
ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org
date
升级系统组件
apt-get update
apt-get autoremove -y
apt-get -fy install
apt-get install -y build-essential gcc g++ make
for packages in build-essential gcc g++ make automake autoconf re2c wget cron bzip2 libzip-dev libc6-dev file rcconf flex vim nano bison m4 gawk less make cpp binutils diffutils unzip tar bzip2 libbz2-dev unrar p7zip libncurses5-dev libncurses5 libncurses5-dev libncurses5-dev libtool libevent-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libssl-dev zlibc openssl libsasl2-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libltdl3-dev libltdl-dev libmcrypt-dev libmysqlclient15-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libbz2-1.0 libbz2-dev libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-dev libpng3 libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev libjpeg62 libjpeg62-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libpng12-0 libpng12-dev curl libcurl3 libmhash2 libmhash-dev libpq-dev libpq5 gettext libncurses5-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libxml2-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev libssl-dev libcurl3 libcurl4-openssl-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev mcrypt libcap-dev;
do apt-get install -y $packages –force-yes;apt-get -fy install;apt-get -y autoremove; done
安装语言包
apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hant
服务器支持中文,如果代码里面有中文，可以设置下，也可以不设置
export LC_ALL=”zh_CN.UTF-8″
如果是虚拟机上安装vitualbox tools
现在我们还要到客户机操作系统下，我的是ubuntu下，运行一个命令行控制 台，通过命令将虚拟光驱挂载进来。
mkdir /mnt/cdrom //创建cdrom目录
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom //挂载cdrom
下面进入cdrom，运行虚拟光盘上 VBoxLinuxAdditions.run（注意:如果客户机是windows,则需要运行VBoxLinuxAdditions.exe）：
cd /mnt/cdrom
sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
虚拟机上设置网卡
1.配置成nat根据本机来上网
2.设置成host-only然后mac下virtual box有问题，先在偏好设置里面添加一个host之后就好了，添加了host 192.168.56.1 这里启用了dhcp但是虚机获取不到还是有问题的。
配置后了之后，需要设置虚机里面的ip,192.168.56.2 之后设置完成就可以通过主机和虚机都可以访问了
3.至此就可以长期的开着的了。
配置多个网卡ip
vim /etc/network/interfaces
添加
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.56.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.56.0
broadcast 192.168.56.255
gatway 192.168.56.1
重起网卡
/etc/init.d/networking restart
安装JRE
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless
配置开机启动
支持securecrt上传用的（我这里没有在WIN下所以没有安装）
sudo apt-get install chkconfig
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
sudo apt-get install bison
安装git
apt-get install -y git
安装svn
apt-get install -y subversion
设置默认语言及LC
vim ~/.bashrc 添加
export LANG=en_US:zh_CN.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=C
source ~/.bashrc
配置 ssh自动登陆Ubuntu
生成rsa_pub
ssh-keygen -t rsa
如果用户名和目标机器用户名不一样，请修改一下文件
vim ~/.ssh/config
添加,多个多行：
Host 192.168.56.3
user ubuntu
复制authorized的key,可以复制多次：
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh ubuntu@192.168.56.3 “cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys”
接下来就可以之间
ssh ubuntu@192.168.56.3 自动登陆
安装MySQL 5.5.25
apt-get install bar
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.25.tar.gz/from/http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/
tar zxvf myql-5.5.25.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.5.25 mysql
cd mysql-5.5.25
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql/ -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc/ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_SSL=bundled -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -LH
make
make install
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .
sudo install -m644 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf ./etc/my.cnf
sudo /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
sudo install -m755 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_conf /usr/bin/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /usr/bin/
vim ./etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld] 下添加
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
language= /usr/local/mysql/share/english #此处为language配置项
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
给mysql设置root命令
mysqladmin -h 127.0.0.1 -u root password 123456
/etc/init.d/mysqld status
尝试登陆看看
./mysql -u root -p
use mysql;
update user set Host=”%” where User=”root” and Host=”localhost”;
需要修改my.cnf配置中添加bind_address
设置开机自动启动
update-rc.d mysqld defaults
查看是否设置成功 chkconfig -list mysqld
安装MySQL 5.1.63
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql5001
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql5001/data
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql5001/etc
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql5001/ –localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql5001/data/ –sysconfdir=/usr/local/mysql5001/etc/ –with-charset=utf8
make
make install
chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/mysql5001
chown -R mysql:mysql /storage/mysql5001
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql5001/lib
cd /usr/local/mysql5001/bin
cp /usr/local/mysql5001/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld5001
cp /usr/local/mysql5001/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql5001/etc/my.cnf
./mysql_install_db –user=mysql
./mysql -u root -P 5001 -p
use mysql;
update user set Host=”%” where User=”root” and Host=”localhost”;
flush privileges;
php 5.4.3 install
安装PHP 5.4.3
apt-get install php5-gd
apt-get install libxpm-dev
apt-get build-dep t1lib
apt-get install libxslt-dev
apt-get install libt1-dev
apt-get install libmysql++-dev
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php \
–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
–with-curl \
–with-pear \
–with-gd \
–with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib \
–with-freetype-dir –with-t1lib \
–with-mcrypt \
–with-mhash \
–with-mysql –with-mysqli \
–with-pdo-mysql –with-openssl \
–with-xmlrpc \
–with-xsl \
–with-bz2 \
–with-gettext \
–with-fpm-user=www-data –with-fpm-group=www-data –enable-fpm \
–enable-exif \
–enable-wddx \
–enable-zip \
–enable-bcmath \
–enable-calendar \
–enable-ftp \
–enable-mbstring \
–enable-soap \
–enable-sockets \
–enable-shmop \
–enable-dba \
–enable-sysvmsg \
–enable-sysvsem \
–enable-sysvshm
make && make install
添加PHP的路径到path
vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=”$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin”
source /etc/profile
准备PHP5的日志文件目录:
mkdir -p /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm
chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm
准备PHP的配置文件:
cp -f php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
chmod 644 /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
注意: PHP5的配置文件在/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini, php-fpm的配置文件在/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.
设置php-fpm启动管理文件,并让PHP在Ubuntu启动时自动运行(下面地sapi是PHP5.4.0安装包中的):
cp -f sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
设置开机启动
update-rc.d -f php-fpm defaults
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
添加php.ini中的error_log
error_log = /usr/local/php/logs/
安装PHP5.3
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –enable-fpm –with-fpm-user=www-data –with-fpm-group=www-data –with-curl –with-mcrypt –enable-mbstring –enable-pdo –with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd –with-mysqli=mysqlnd –with-mysql=mysqlnd –with-openssl –with-imap-ssl –with-gd –with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib/ –with-png-dir=/usr/lib/ –enable-exif –enable-zip
make
make install
自己编译nginx
查看nginx的版本及配置信息
Nginx -V
配置Nginx
apt-get install schedutils
wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLiteCity.dat.gz
wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/api/c/GeoIP.tar.gz
aptitude install geoip-database
groupadd www
useradd -g www www
apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev openssl libssl-dev gcc automake make
wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.0-beta9.tar.gz
make && make install
配置文件
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/Logs/nginx/error.log \
–http-client-body-temp-path=/Temps/nginx/body –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/Temps/nginx/fastcgi \
–http-log-path=/Logs/nginx/access.log –http-proxy-temp-path=/Temps/nginx/proxy \
–http-scgi-temp-path=/Temps/nginx/scgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/Temps/nginx/uwsgi –lock-path=/Locks/nginx.lock \
–pid-path=/Pids/nginx.pid –with-debug –with-http_addition_module –with-http_dav_module \
–with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_stub_status_module \
–with-http_ssl_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_xslt_module –with-ipv6 –with-sha1=/usr/include/openssl \
–with-md5=/usr/include/openssl –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module \
–add-module=/Packages/nginx_modules/ngx_devel_kit \
–add-module=/Packages/nginx_modules/lua-nginx-module \
–add-module=/Packages/nginx_modules/lua-resty-memcached \
–add-module=/Packages/nginx_modules/lua-resty-mysql \
–add-module=/Packages/nginx_modules/lua-resty-redis
–with-http_image_filter_module \
–with-http_geoip_module
make make install
安装Nginx扩展模块
1. 使用参数重新配置:
./configure –prefix=/app/nginx -user=nobody -group=nobody –with-http_stub_status_module \
–with-http_ssl_module –with-http_realip_module \
–add-module=../nginx_upstream_hash-0.3.1/ \
–add-module=../gnosek-nginx-upstream-fair-2131c73/
2. 编译:
make
#不要make install，否则就是覆盖安装
3. 替换nginx二进制文件:
cp /app/nginx/sbin/nginx /app/nginx/sbin/nginx.bak
cp ./objs/nginx /app/nginx/sbin/
安装OpenResty套件,本次选择agentzh大侠做的,省去上面配置的麻烦
apt-get install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev perl
./configure –with-luajit
make
make install
默认安装到/usr/local/openresty/目录下
nginx.conf中有配置文件错误的时候也会出错的。导致无法route
安装全文检索coreseek/sphinx
wget http://www.coreseek.cn/uploads/csft/4.0/coreseek-4.1-beta.tar.gz
tar zxvf coreseek-4.1-beta.tar.gz
cd mmseg-3.2.14
./bootstrap #输出的warning信息可以忽略，如果出现error则需要解决
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mmseg3
make && make install
cd ..
##安装coreseek
cd csft-4.1
sh buildconf.sh #输出的warning信息可以忽略，如果出现error则需要解决
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/coreseek –without-unixodbc –with-mmseg –with-mmseg-includes=/usr/local/mmseg3/include/mmseg/ –with-mmseg-libs=/usr/local/mmseg3/lib/ –with-mysql ##如果提示mysql问题，可以查看MySQL数据源安装说明
make && make install
cd ..
编译安装mysql 5.1-*的sphinxse引擎：
1. 在MySQL源码目录中建立storage/sphinx目录，并将Sphinx源码目录中的mysqlse目录下的全部文件拷贝到这个目录。示例：
mkdir -p /home/yangxinqi/down/mysql-5.1.57/storage/sphinx
cp -R /home/yangxinqi/down/coreseek-4.1-beta/csft-4.1/mysqlse/* /home/yangxinqi/down/mysql-5.1.57/storage/sphinx
2. 在MySQL源码目录运行
sh BUILD/autorun.sh
3. 配置（configure）MySQL，启用Sphinx引擎,prefix指定安装到所在的目录
./configure –with-plugins=sphinx –prefix=/usr/local/mysql5004
4. 构建（build）并安装MySQL
make
make install
编译安装mysql 5.5系列的sphinx引擎
cd mysql-5.5.25
mkdir ./storage/sphinx
cp -r /home/Ubuntu/down/coreseek-4.1-beta/csft-4.1/mysqlse/* ./storage/sphinx
cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DWITH_SPHINX_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
make
cp storage/sphinx/ha_sphinx.so /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
mysql -uroot -p
mysql>install plugin sphinx soname “ha_sphinx.so”;
mysql>show engines;
安装redis
1、下载安装Redis：cd /tmp
wget http://redis.googlecode.com/files/redis-2.4.6.tar.gz
tar -zxf redis-2.4.6.tar.gz
cd redis-2.4.6
make
make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
ln -s /usr/local/redis/bin/* /usr/bin
2. 配置init脚本：wget https://github.com/ijonas/dotfiles/raw/master/etc/init.d/redis-server
wget https://github.com/ijonas/dotfiles/raw/master/etc/redis.conf
sudo mv redis-server /etc/init.d/redis-server
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/redis-server
sudo mv redis.conf /etc/redis.conf
3. 初始化用户和日志路径第一次启动Redis前，建议为Redis单独建立一个用户，并新建data和日志文件夹
sudo useradd redis
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/redis
sudo mkdir -p /var/log/redis
sudo chown redis.redis /var/lib/redis
sudo chown redis.redis /var/log/redis
4、设置开机自动启动，关机自动关闭update-rc.d redis-server defaults
5、启动Redis：
/etc/init.d/redis-server start
安装scws分词组件
wget http://www.ftphp.com/scws/down/scws-1.2.0.tar.bz2
tar xvf scws-1.2.0.tar.bz2
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/scws
make
make install
安装scws的php扩展
cd phpext
phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
extensiton=scws.so
安装phpredis
wget https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/zipball/master
unzip master
cd nicolasff-phpredis-f1231c9
phpize
./configure -with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
extension=redis.so
安装phpunit
cd /usr/local/php/bin #如果不是root,请使用sudo ./pear ….
pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
pear channel-discover components.ez.no
pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com
pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
安装vim ide (喜欢的可以安装，个人感觉还不错）
http://code.google.com/p/vimide/wiki/GuideCn
sudo apt-get install exuberant-ctags wget unzip
svn checkout http://vimide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/linux vimide
cd vimide/
sh install.sh
vim /root/.vimrc
map <silent><F3> <ESC>:NERDTreeToggle<CR
FastDFS配置
编译错误的时候需要找到libpthread.a的位置
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a
http://blog.csdn.net/chen861201/article/details/7341637
find / -name ‘libpthread.so’
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so
按照后配置
1. extension = fastdfs_client.so
2. fastdfs_client.tracker_group_count = 1
3. fastdfs_client.tracker_group0 = /etc/fdfs/client.conf
然后修改client.conf 中的traceserver的地址就好了
http://code.google.com/p/fastdfs/
这里是支持的地方
http://bbs.chinaunix.net/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=240&page=1
可以直接部署nginx+fastdfs进行存储，还是很方便的
安装memcached
wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/memcached
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -m 64 -p 11211 -u Ubuntu -l 127.0.0.1 &
telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
安装php memcachd扩展
wget https://launchpad.net/libmemcached/1.0/1.0.6/+download/libmemcached-1.0.6.tar.gz
sudo apt-get install libcloog-ppl0
make && make install
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcached-2.0.1.tgz
tar zxvf memcached-2.0.1.tgz
cd memcached-2.0.1
phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
extension=memcached.so
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
memcat –servers=127.0.0.1:11211
输出的为 memcached 服务器的一些统计数据等。
一些维护工具的文章
安装ClusterShell服务器运维工具
sudo apt-get install clustershell
http://huoding.com/2011/11/12/133
MYSQL高可用性方案
http://code.google.com/p/mysql-master-ha/
需要系统开机启动的则可以加入到chkconfig 或者 加入到 /etc/init.d/rc.local中开机自动启动
禁用ROOT，这样会更安全
将ubuntu加入到root
chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
vim /etc/sudoers
添加
loginusername ALL=(ALL) ALL
chmod u-w /etc/sudoers
完成后禁用root
