Ubuntu用的人都懒了,从来没有编译过GCC什么的东西,一直有sudo权限,所以即使更新神马的,都很容易搞定。现在开始用自强3000服务器,再也不是sudoers,用编译器啥的真叫个要命。折腾了好几天,好歹是弄上了GCC 4.x的c,c++编译器,刚好够自己用。
系统版本:
$ head -n 1 /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 6)
GCC版本:
$ gcc -v
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-RedHat-linux/3.4.6/specs
Configured with: ../configure –prefix=/usr –mandir=/usr/share/man –infodir=/usr/share/info –enable-shared –enable-threads=posix –disable-checking –with-system-zlib –enable-__cxa_atexit –disable-libunwind-exceptions –enable-java-awt=gtk –host=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-9)
—————————————————废话分割线—————————————————
安装编译过程:
1. 编译GCC 4.x前提系统条件:
a. GMP 4.3.2以上 (GNU Multiple Precision Library (GMP))
b. MPFR 2.4.2以上
c. MPC 0.8.1Y以上
d. xz (版本不知道,但是需要这个程序)
e. others… (编译的时候,报错后再看系统还缺什么)
2. 编译环境准备:首先编译GMP,然后编译MPFR,最后编译MPC,安装XZ。
a. 下载GMP: http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/software/gmp/gmp-5.0.0.tar.bz2 (选用了小日本的服务器,速度还挺快)
b. 解压并安装GMP
$ bzcat gmp* | tar xvf –
$ cd gmp*
$ ./configure –prefix=$HOME/local #安装文件路径,为用户下的local文件夹
$ make -j 8 #多核编译参数-j 数字为核数
$ make install
c. 下载MPFR: http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/software/mpfr/mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2 (这是至少的版本)
d. 解压并安装MPFR
$ bzcat mpfr* | tar xvf –
$ cd mpfr*
$ ./configure –with-gmp-include=$HOME/local/include –with-gmp-lib=$HOME/local/lib –prefix=$HOME/local #编译MPFR需要有GMP,因此需要指定GMP的位置,不然就白编译了。
$ make -j 8
$ make install
e. 下载MPC:http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/software/mpc/mpc-0.9.tar.gz
f. 解压并安装MPC
$ tar xzf mpc*
$ cd mpc*
$ ./configure –prefix=$HOME/local –with-gmp=$HOME/local –with-mpfr=$HOME/local
$ make -j 8
$ make install
g. 下载XZ: http://tukaani.org/xz/xz-5.0.3.tar.gz
h. 解压并安装xz
$ tar xzf xz*
$ cd xz*
$ ./configure –prefix=$HOME/local
$ make -j 8
$ make install
i. 配置环境变量
$ vi ~/.bashrc
添加:
export PATH=$HOME/local/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
j. 更新环境变量
source ~/.bashrc
3. 编译GCC
a. 下载GCC: http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/software/gcc/releases/gcc-4.4.3/gcc-4.4.3.tar.bz2 (以GCC 4.4.3为例,后续及之前4.x版本编译方法理论上完全一样)
b. 解压gcc,建立目标目录,我打算将GCC安装至 $HOME/local/gcc目录下,因此:
$ cd $HOME
$ bzcat gcc* | tar xvf – #假定GCC压缩包在$HOME目录下
$ cd local
$ mkdir gcc
$ cd gcc
$ ../../gcc-4.4.3//configure –prefix=$HOME/local/gcc –enable-shared –enable-threads=posix –enable-checking –with-zlib=$HOME/local/bin –enable-__cxa_atexit –disable-libunwind-exceptions –enable-java-awt=gtk –build=x86_64-RedHat-linux –with-gmp=$HOME/local –with-mpfr=$HOME/local –with-mpc=/home/lixuezd/local/ –enable-languages=c,c++ #须指定GMP,MPFR,MPC的位置,编译安装的语言,(单机编译一般是Host,在集群服务器上估计是要用–build,这个不是很明白,没有它编译会找不到ar之类的),详见后文bug-shooting
$ make -j 8
$ make install
m. 配置gcc的环境变量
$ vi ~/.bashrc
添加:
export PATH=$HOME/local/gcc/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
保存并更新:
source ~/.bashrc
c. 测试gcc版本
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../../gcc-4.4.3//configure –prefix=/home/lixuezd/local/gcc –enable-shared –enable-threads=posix –enable-checking –with-zlib=/home/lixuezd/local/bin –enable-__cxa_atexit –disable-libunwind-exceptions –enable-java-awt=gtk –build=x86_64-redhat-linux –with-gmp=/home/lixuezd/local –with-mpfr=/home/lixuezd/local –with-mpc=/home/lixuezd/local/ –enable-languages=c,c++
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.3 (GCC)
4. bug-shooting
a. 采用–host=x86_64-redhat-linux参数,会提示这个错误:
make[2]: x86_64-redhat-linux-ar: Command not found
make[2]: *** [libiberty.a] Error 127
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/lixuezd/local/gcc/libiberty’
make[1]: *** [all-libiberty] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/lixuezd/local/gcc’
make: *** [all] Error 2
解决方法:改用–build=x86_64-redhat-linux
b. GMP,MPFR,MPC缺失,提示错误忘了记下来了,解决方案是:
依次GMP->MPFR->MPC编译,编译参数层层递进:
GMP: $ ./configure –prefix=$HOME/local
MPFR: $ ./configure –with-gmp-include=$HOME/local/include –with-gmp-lib=$HOME/local/lib —
MPC: $ ./configure –prefix=$HOME/local –with-gmp=$HOME/local –with-mpfr=$HOME/local
c. 没有xz,提示同样没记下来,大致是找不到xz或lzma之类的,解决方案:
安装xz,并添加它的PATH到环境变量中
确认有没有xz,在终端下 输入xz即可,正确时显示:
xz: Compressed data cannot be written to a terminal
xz: Try `xz –help’ for more information.
d. ./configure没有更新造成的
configure: error: `CC’ has changed since the previous run:
configure: former value: `x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc’
configure: current value: `/home/lixuezd/local/gcc/./gcc/xgcc -B/home/lixuezd/local/gcc/./gcc/ -B/home/lixuezd/local/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/bin/ -B/home/lixuezd/local/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/ -isystem /home/lixuezd/local/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/include -isystem /home/lixuezd/local/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/sys-include’
configure: warning: ignoring whitespace changes in `CFLAGS’ since the previous run:
configure: former value: `-g -O2′
configure: current value: `-g -O2 ‘
configure: error: `build_alias’ has changed since the previous run:
configure: former value: `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu’
configure: current value: `x86_64-redhat-linux’
configure: error: in `/home/lixuezd/local/gcc/fixincludes’:
configure: error: changes in the environment can compromise the build
configure: error: run `make distclean’ and/or `rm ./config.cache’ and start over
make[1]: *** [configure-fixincludes] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/lixuezd/local/gcc’
make: *** [all] Error 2
解决方案:
删掉gcc,重新建立gcc后再执行 ./configure …..,或者执行:make disclean和rm ./config.cache命令,我看着麻烦,还是 rm -fr gcc最简单。
这里要提的就是,如果配置发生了更新,如果没有清空上一次的结果,可能会遇上这个问题。
f. java缺少必要的环境
configure: error: libXtst not found, required by java.awt.Robot
make[1]: *** [configure-target-libjava] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/lixuezd/local/gcc’
make: *** [all] Error 2
解决方案:要么去寻找还缺啥,补上它再去编译。因为我不用java,所以我去掉了它的编译:
–enable-languages=c,c++,(java去掉)
g. 64位需要两个Lib,所以添加环境变量时要用:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
不然会提示 glbc… libstdc++.so.6….什么的东西缺失吧,这个我也没记下来