服务器评测
本文在一个虚拟机(Ubuntu 11.04 server)中建立PXE Server, 然后在KVM中通过PXE安装一个虚拟机(Ubuntu 11.04 Server ). 这两个虚拟机显然都处在同一个局域网内.
因为PXE虚要裸机在启动时通过DHCP协议去找PXE server要IP, 所以对于跨局域网的PXE安装需要DHCP中继, 这不在本文的讨论范围内, 可参照: PXE跨局域网之系统自动安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-07/65146.htm
1.1 dnsmasq
apt-get install dnsmasq
vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf
bogus-priv
filterwin2k
interface=eth0
dhcp-range=192.168.100.172,192.168.100.180,12h
dhcp-host=52:54:00:ed:00:f7,192.168.100.178
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/var/ftpd
dhcp-authoritative
/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart
注意:如果想要为pxe client分配固定IP,可使用dhcp-host参数.采用这种方式的好处是可以避免将已经网络的IP搞乱.
如果使用KVM提供的虚机作为pxe client来测试时, 应该每测试一次新建一个虚机(千万不能重复测试).
1.2 PXE
mkdir /var/www/ubuntu
mount -o loop/bak//kvmimages/ubuntu-11.10-server-amd64.iso /mnt
cp /mnt/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed /var/www/ubuntu
cp -a /mnt/* /var/www/ubuntu
cp -r /mnt/install/netboot/* /var/ftpd/
vim /var/ftpd/pxelinux.cfg/default
default linux
label linux
kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux
append ks=http://192.168.100.171/ubuntu/ks.cfg preseed/url=http://192.168.100.171/ubuntu/ubuntu-server.seed vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz —
注意, 上述ks,与preseed应该配置一个Web服务器指向/var/www/ubuntu目录.
1.3 Apache
apt-get install apache2
vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName ubuntu
DocumentRoot /var/www/ubuntu
<Directory /var/www/ubuntu>
Options ExecCGI FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
allow from all
Order allow,deny
</Directory>
ErrorLog/var/log/apache2/error-ubuntu.log
</VirtualHost>
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/default/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ubuntu
/etc/init.d/apache2restart
1.4KickStart
vi /var/www/Ubuntu/ks.cfg#System language
lang en_US
#Language modules to install
langsupport en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#System mouse
mouse
#System timezone
timezone Asia/Chongqing
#Root password
rootpw –disabled
#Initial user gaojinbo/gaojinbo.com
user hua –fullname hua –passwordpassword
#Reboot after installation
reboot
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use Web installation
url –urlhttp://192.168.100.171/ubuntu
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader –location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes
#Partition clearing information
clearpart –all –initlabel
#Disk partitioning information
part / –fstype ext4 –size 10000
part swap –size 5000
auth –useshadow –enablemd5
network –bootproto=dhcp –device=eth0
#network –bootproto=static–ip=192.168.5.168 –netmask=255.255.255.0 –gateway=192.168.100.1–nameserver=221.5.88.88 –device=eth0
firewall –disabled
skipx
%packages
@openssh-server
1.5ubuntu-server.seed
vi /var/www/ubuntu/ubuntu-server.seed# Suggest LVM by default.
d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition stringsome_device_lvm
d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition seen false
# Always install the server kernel.
d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-server
# Install the Ubuntu Server seed.
tasksel tasksel/force-tasks string server
# Only install basic language packs.
d-i pkgsel/language-pack-patterns string
# No language support packages.
d-i pkgsel/install-language-support boolean false
# Only ask the UTC question if there are
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean false
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean false
d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false
d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 127.0.0.1
d-i mirror/http://hostname string 127.0.0.1
d-i apt-setup/restricted boolean false
# No boot splash screen.
d-i debian-installer/splash boolean false
# Install the debconf oem-config frontend (if in OEM mode).
d-i oem-config-udeb/frontend string debconf
# Add the network and tasks oem-config steps by default.
oem-config oem-config/steps multiselect language, \
timezone, keyboard, user, network, tasks
1.6 注意点
用虚机为pxeclient测试的话,应每测试一次新建一个虚机.新建出的虚机的网络配置如下:
<network>
<name>test</name>
<forward mode=’nat’/>
<ip address=”192.168.123.1″ netmask=”255.255.255.0″>
<tftp root=”/var/ftpd” />
<dhcp>
<range start=”192.168.123.2″ end=”192.168.123.254″ />
<bootp file=”pxelinux.0″ />
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>
