服务器评测
[root@appserver ~]# df -h /*查看现有分区情况*/
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/vda1 9.9G 8.2G 1.2G 88% /
tmpfs 3.9G 100K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 368K 368K 0 100% /media/CDROM
[root@appserver ~]# fdisk -l /*查看现有DISK*/
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0003e85f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 1306 10484736 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 416101 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@appserver ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb /*用fdisk分区工具对磁盘分区*/
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x264c68f0.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won’t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u’).
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-416101, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-416101, default 416101):
Using default value 416101
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@appserver ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0003e85f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 1306 10484736 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 416101 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x264c68f0
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 416101 209714872+ 5 Extended
[root@appserver ~]# mkfs -t ext4 -c /dev/vdb /*格式化磁盘分区*/
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
13107200 inodes, 52428800 blocks
2621440 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
1600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@appserver ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/vda1 9.9G 8.2G 1.2G 88% /
tmpfs 3.9G 100K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 368K 368K 0 100% /media/CDROM
[root@appserver ~]# mount /dev/vdb /mnt /*挂载/dev/vdb到/mnt*/
[root@appserver ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/vda1 9.9G 8.2G 1.2G 88% /
tmpfs 3.9G 100K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 368K 368K 0 100% /media/CDROM
/dev/vdb 197G 188M 187G 1% /mnt
[root@appserver ~]# vi /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 14 09:30:48 2012
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk’
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=a779e5e4-e34a-4a96-b01a-dbc5cc348958 / ext4 defaults 1 1
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/vdb /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0 /*重启后/dev/vdb自动挂载到/mnt目录*/
其他：
mkfs.ext3 -b 2046 -m 2 /dev/hda5 格式化并设置数据块为2KB，设置保留块为2％
tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda4 将/dev/sda4的保留空间改为1%
fsck得用法：fsck -t ext3 /dev/hda5 或 fsck.ext3 /dev/hda5
