服务器评测
一. Linux 配额（Quota）说明
在 Linux 系统中，由于是多人多任务的环境，所以会有多人共同使用一个硬盘空间的情况发生，为了合理使用这些空间，管理员需要控制用户对磁盘空间的使用，这个就是Linux 下的配额管理。
推荐阅读：
- Linux学习笔记：磁盘配额(Quota)与高级文件系统管理 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-02/79558.htm
- RHCE培训笔记——磁盘配额 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81237.htm
- Linux下磁盘配额(quota)应用与实战教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/75900.htm
- RHEL5.5中创建softRaid10并使用quota限制磁盘配额 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-11/75147.htm
- VMware下RedHat 5.4磁盘配额（Quota） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70937.htm
配额管理是对某个磁盘分区进行限制。这里的限制包括2个方面：
1.单个用户对某个目录下空间大小的限制。
2.单个用户对某个目录下文件个数的限制。
1.1 Quota 常用在如下几种情况
1) 针对 WWW server ，例如：每个人的网页空间的容量限制。
2) 针对 mail server，例如：每个人的邮件空间限制。
3) 针对 file server，例如：每个人最大的可用网络硬盘空间。
1.2 Quota 的2个注意事项
（1）仅针对整个 partition：
quota针对『整个 partition』进行限制， 例如：如果/dev/hda5 是挂载在 /dave 目录下，那么在 /dave 目录下的所有目录都会受到限制。
（2）只对一般身份使用者有效：
不是所有在 Linux 上面的账号都可以设定 quota，例如 root 就不能设定quota 。
1.3 Quota 的三种限制类型
（1）soft limit：
这是最低限制容量的意思，用户在宽限期间之内，他的容量可以超过 soft ，但必需要宽限时间之内将磁盘容量降低到 soft 的容量限制之下。
（2）hard limit：
这是『绝对不能超过』的容量。通常hard limit 会比 soft limit 为高，例如网络驱动器空间为 30 MB ，那么 hard limit 就设定为 30MB ，但是为了让使用者有一定的警戒心，所以当使用空间超过 25 MB 时，例如使用者使用了 27 MB 的空间时，那么系统就会警告用户， 让使用者可以在『宽限时间内』将他的档案量降低至 25 MB ( 亦即是 soft limit )之内。也就是说， soft 到 hard 之间的容量其实就是宽限的容量，可以达到针对使用者的『警示』作用。
（3）宽限时间：
宽限时间就是当使用者使用的空间超过了 soft limit ，却还没有到达 hard limit 时，那么在这个『宽限时间』之内，就必需要请用户将使用的磁盘容量降低到 soft limit 之下。而当用户将磁盘容量使用情况超过 soft limit 时，『宽限时间』就会自动被启动，而在用户将容量降低到 softlimit 之下，那么宽限时间就会自动的取消。
1.4 Quota 的安装包
Quota也需要安装，安装包如下：
[root@rhce /]# rpm -q quota
quota-3.17-16.el6.x86_64
[root@rhce /]#
1.5 Quota 相关的命令
与Quota 相关的几个命令如下。
1.5.1 启用quota：quotaon
[root@rhce /]# quotaon
Bad number of arguments.
quotaon: Usage:
quotaon [-guvp] [-F quotaformat] [-x state] -a
quotaon [-guvp] [-F quotaformat] [-x state] filesys …
-a, –all turn quotas on for all filesystems
-f, –off turn quotas off
-u, –user operate on user quotas
-g, –group operate on group quotas
-p, –print-state print whether quotas are on or off
-x, –xfs-command=cmd perform XFS quota command
-F, –format=formatname operate on specific quota format
-v, –verbose print more messages
-h, –help display this help text and exit
-V, –version display version information andexit
[root@rhce /]#
1.5.2 关闭quota：quotaoff
[root@rhce /]# quotaoff
Bad number of arguments.
quotaoff: Usage:
quotaoff [-guvp] [-F quotaformat] [-x state] -a
quotaoff [-guvp] [-F quotaformat] [-x state] filesys …
-a, –all turn quotas off for allfilesystems
-f, –off turn quotas off
-u, –user operate on user quotas
-g, –group operate on group quotas
-p, –print-state print whether quotas are on or off
-x, –xfs-command=cmd perform XFS quota command
-F, –format=formatname operate on specific quota format
-v, –verbose print more messages
-h, –help display this help text and exit
-V, –version display version information andexit
1.5.3 配额发送警告：warnquota
[root@rhce /]# warnquota -h
warnquota: Usage:
warnquota [-ugsid] [-F quotaformat] [-c configfile] [-q quotatabfile][-a adminsfile]
-u, –user warn users
-g, –group warn groups
-s, –human-readable send information in more humanfriendly units
-i, –no-autofs avoid autofs mountpoints
-d, –no-details do not send quota informationitself
-F, –format=formatname use quotafiles of specific format
-c, –config=config-file non-default config file
-q, –quota-tab=quotatab-file non-default quotatab
-a, –admins-file=admins-file non-default admins file
-h, –help display this help messageand exit
-v, –version display version informationand exit
Bugs to jack@SUSE.cz
[root@rhce /]#
1.5.4 编辑配额属性：edquota
[root@rhce /]# edquota
edquota: Usage:
edquota [-rm] [-u] [-F formatname] [-p username] [-f filesystem]username …
edquota [-rm] -g [-F formatname] [-pgroupname] [-f filesystem] groupname …
edquota [-rm] [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -t
edquota [-rm] [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -Tusername|groupname …
-u, –user edit user data
-g, –group edit group data
-r, –remote edit remote quota (via RPC)
-m, –no-mixed-pathnames trim leading slashes from NFSv4mountpoints
-F, –format=formatname edit quotas of a specific format
-p, –prototype=name copy data from a prototype user/group
–always-resolve alwaystry to resolve name, even if it is
composed only ofdigits
-f, –filesystem=filesystem edit data only on a specific filesystem
-t, –edit-period edit grace period
-T, –edit-times edit grace time of a user/group
-h, –help display this help text andexit
-V, –version display version informationand exit
Bugs to: jack@suse.cz
[root@rhce /]#
1.5.5 显示配额信息：repquota
[root@rhce /]# repquota -h
repquota: Utility for reporting quotas.
Usage:
repquota [-vugsi] [-c|C] [-t|n] [-Fquotaformat] (-a | mntpoint)
-v, –verbose display also users/groups withoutany usage
-u, –user display information aboutusers
-g, –group display information aboutgroups
-s, –human-readable show numbers in human friendly units(MB, GB, …)
-t, –truncate-names truncate names to 8 characters
-p, –raw-grace print grace time in seconds sinceepoch
-n, –no-names do not translate uid/gid to name
-i, –no-autofs avoid autofs mountpoints
-c, –batch-translation translate big number of ids at once
-C, –no-batch-translation translate ids one by one
-F, –format=formatname report information for specific format
-h, –help display this help message andexit
-V, –version display version information andexit
Bugs to jack@suse.cz
[root@rhce /]#
1.5.6 检查并修复quota 配置文件:quotacheck
＃quotacheck –cvug/tmp
[root@rhce ~]# quotacheck -h
Utility for checking and repairing quotafiles.
quotacheck [-gucbfinvdmMR] [-F<quota-format>] filesystem|-a
-u, –user check user files
-g, –group check group files
-c, –create-files create new quota files
-b, –backup create backups of old quota files
-f, –force force check even if quotas areenabled
-i, –interactive interactive mode
-n, –use-first-dquot use the first copy of duplicated structure
-v, –verbose print more information
-d, –debug print even more messages
-m, –no-remount do not remount filesystem read-only
-M, –try-remount try remounting filesystem read-only,
continue even if itfails
-R, –exclude-root exclude root when checking allfilesystems
-F, –format=formatname check quota files of specific format
-a, –all check all filesystems
-h, –help display this message and exit
-V, –version display version information andexit
Bugs to jack@suse.cz
[root@rhce ~]#
[root@rhce ~]# quotacheck -cvug /dave
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supportsjournaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quotato avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown.
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdc1 [/dave] done
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quotafile: No such file or directory
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quotafile: No such file or directory
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quotafile: No such file or directory
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file:No such file or directory
quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 2files
quotacheck: Old file not found.
1.5.7 直接设置配额：setquota
[root@rhce ~]# setquota -h
setquota: Usage:
setquota [-u|-g] [-rm] [-F quotaformat] <user|group>
<block-softlimit> <block-hardlimit> <inode-softlimit><inode-hardlimit> -a|<filesystem>…
setquota [-u|-g] [-rm] [-F quotaformat] <-p protouser|protogroup><user|group> -a|<filesystem>…
setquota [-u|-g] [-rm] [-F quotaformat] -b [-c] -a|<filesystem>…
setquota [-u|-g] [-F quotaformat] -t <blockgrace><inodegrace> -a|<filesystem>…
setquota [-u|-g] [-F quotaformat] <user|group> -T<blockgrace> <inodegrace> -a|<filesystem>…
-u, –user set limits for user
-g, –group set limits for group
-a, –all set limits for allfilesystems
–always-resolve always tryto resolve name, even if is
composed only ofdigits
-F, –format=formatname operate on specific quota format
-p, –prototype=protoname copy limits from user/group
-b, –batch read limits from standard input
-c, –continue-batch continue in input processing in case ofan error
-r, –remote set remote quota (via RPC)
-m, –no-mixed-pathnames trim leading slashes from NFSv4mountpoints
-t, –edit-period edit grace period
-T, –edit-times edit grace times for user/group
-h, –help display this help text andexit
-V, –version display version information andexit
Bugs to: jack@suse.cz
[root@rhce ~]#
接下来请看第2页精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88572p2.htm
二. 配额使用示例
2.1 创建分区并mount到目录
[root@rhce /]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with diskidentifier 0x1e051117.
Changes will remain in memory only, untilyou decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous contentwon’t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It’s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u’).
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G}(1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@rhce /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1e051117
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
[root@rhce /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@rhce /]#
[root@rhce /]# mount/dev/sdc1 /dave
[root@rhce /]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdc1 /dave ext3 defaults 0 0
我们这里将/dev/sdc1 映射到了目录/dave.
2.2 创建2个测试用户
[root@rhce /]# groupadd grp01
[root@rhce /]# groupadd grp02
[root@rhce /]# cat /etc/group|grep grp0*
grp01:x:503:
grp02:x:504:
[root@rhce /]#
[root@rhce /]# useradd dave01 -g grp01
[root@rhce /]# useradd dave02 -g grp02
[root@rhce /]# passwd dave01
Changing password for user dave01.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
[root@rhce /]# passwd dave02
Changing password for user dave02.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
[root@rhce /]#
2.3 修改分区表启用配额限制
[root@rhce ~]# cat /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc1 /dave ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquot 0 0
[root@rhce ~]#
/etc/fstab 文件的第四个字段是装载文件系统是使用的选项：
（1）实现基于用户的磁盘配额，就加入usrquota关键字，
（2）实现基于组的磁盘配额，就加入grpqouta关键字，如果两者都需要，就全写入，中间可以用逗号分隔。
注意：请特别注意这里的拼写，是usrquota和grpquota，不要写成userquota和groupquota。
2.4 重新Remount 分区
[root@rhce ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs(rw,rootcontext=”system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0″)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc typebinfmt_misc (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/config type configfs(rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs typerpc_pipefs (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs typefuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sdc1 on /dave typeext3 (rw)
分区是我们之前mount的，我们后来修改了mount的选项，增加了用户和组的配额，所以这里我们重新mount一次，使我们的修改生效。
[root@rhce ~]# mount -oremount /dave
[root@rhce ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts(rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs(rw,rootcontext=”system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0″)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc typebinfmt_misc (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/config type configfs(rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs typerpc_pipefs (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs typefuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sdc1 on /dave typeext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
[root@rhce ~]#
2.5 启动并配置文件大小配额限制
—检查配额文件
[root@rhce ~]# quotacheck/dave
quotacheck: Cannot create new quotafile/dave/aquota.user.new: Permission denied
quotacheck: Cannot initialize IO on newquotafile: Permission denied
这里关闭SELinux即可：
[root@rhce ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@rhce ~]# setenforce 0
[root@rhce ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@rhce ~]#
—启动配额限制
[root@rhce ~]# quotaon -vug /dave
/dev/sdc1 [/dave]: group quotas turned on
/dev/sdc1 [/dave]: user quotas turned on
[root@rhce ~]#
–开启之后，会在/dave的目录下自动创建配额的管理文件：aquota.group和aquota.user
[root@rhce dave]# pwd
/dave
[root@rhce dave]# ll
total 32
-rw——-. 1 root root 6144 Jun 22 09:28 aquota.group
-rw——-. 1 root root 6144 Jun 22 09:28 aquota.user
drwx——. 2 root root 16384 Jun 22 05:00lost+found
[root@rhce dave]#
这个文件我们不能直接编辑，我们需要使用edquota命令来进行编辑。
[root@rhce dave]# edquota -u dave01
Disk quotas for user dave01 (uid 503):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sdc1 0 10240 20480 0 0 0
这里的限制分三种：
1.blocks：按block的数量
2.soft：软限制，单位为字节。
3.hard: 硬限制，单位为字节。
上例中，soft限制约为10MB，hard限制约为20MB，当用户dave01使用空间超过10MB时，系统会进行提示，但可以继续使用空间，而当用户dave01使用空间达到20MB时，就会限制用户dave01继续使用/dave空间。
—查看报告：
[root@rhce dave]# repquota /dave
*** Report for user quotas on device/dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days;Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
———————————————————————-
root — 141436 0 0 4 0 0
—这里只有root用户的信息，因为其他用户还没有创建文件，一旦创建文件，就会限制了。
[root@rhce dave]#
–用dave01用户创建文件进行配额限制的测试
–创建5M的文件：成功
[dave01@rhce ~]$ dd if=/dev/zeroof=/dave/tf01 bs=1M count=5
5+0 records in
5+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 0.0445553 s,118 MB/s
–创建10M的文件，超过soft 的配额限制，有警告：
[dave01@rhce ~]$ dd if=/dev/zeroof=/dave/tf01 bs=1M count=10
sdc1: warning, user blockquota exceeded.
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.0232663 s,451 MB/s
—在创建10M的文件，超过20M的配额限制，文件创建失败：
[dave01@rhce ~]$ dd if=/dev/zeroof=/dave/tf02 bs=1M count=10
sdc1: write failed, userblock limit reached.
dd: writing `/dave/tf02′:Disk quota exceeded
10+0 records in
9+0 records out
10448896 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.049051 s,213 MB/s
[dave01@rhce ~]$
—查看报告：
[root@rhce dave]# repquota /dave
*** Report for user quotas on device/dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days;Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
———————————————————————-
root — 141432 0 0 3 0 0
dave01 +- 20480 10240 20480 6days 3 0 0
这里就显示了dave01这个用户的相关限制。我们这里的宽限时间变成了6days。
2.6 配置文件个数的配额限制
配额的限制，除了在磁盘大小上的限制，还可以在文件个数上进行限制。我们这里用dave02这个进行示例。
[root@rhce dave]# edquota -u dave02
Disk quotas for user dave02 (uid 504):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sdc1 0 0 0 0 20 30
soft和hard同上是软限制和硬限制，分别是20、30，当用户dave02创建文件超过20个时，系统会进行提示，但仍可以继续创建文件，而当用户dave02创建文件超过30个文件时，就会限制用户dave02继续创建文件。
注意：因为用户dave02是在/dave目录下进行了磁盘配额限制，所以/dave目录会算做一个文件，所以dave02最多只能创建29个文件。
[root@rhce ~]# chown dave02.grp02 /dave
—用脚本手动创建文件：
[dave02@rhce ~]$ cd /dave
[dave02@rhce dave]$ ls
aquota.group aquota.user lost+found tf01 tf02
[dave02@rhce dave]$
[dave02@rhce dave]$ for i in $(seq 1 22);
> do echo “dave02file$i”;
> touch dave02file$i;
> done
“dave02file1”
“dave02file2”
“dave02file3”
“dave02file4”
“dave02file5”
“dave02file6”
“dave02file7”
“dave02file8”
“dave02file9”
“dave02file10”
“dave02file11”
“dave02file12”
“dave02file13”
“dave02file14”
“dave02file15”
“dave02file16”
“dave02file17”
“dave02file18”
“dave02file19”
“dave02file20”
sdc1: warning, user filequota exceeded.
“dave02file21”
“dave02file22”
[dave02@rhce dave]$
到20就提示配额限制了。
—继续用脚本创建文件：
[dave02@rhce dave]$ for i in $(seq 23 33);
> do echo “dave02file$i”;
> touch dave02file$i;
> done
“dave02file23”
“dave02file24”
“dave02file25”
“dave02file26”
“dave02file27”
“dave02file28”
“dave02file29”
“dave02file30”
sdc1: write failed, userfile limit reached.
touch: cannot touch`dave02file30′: Disk quota exceeded
“dave02file31”
touch: cannot touch `dave02file31′: Diskquota exceeded
“dave02file32”
touch: cannot touch `dave02file32′: Diskquota exceeded
“dave02file33”
touch: cannot touch `dave02file33′: Diskquota exceeded
[dave02@rhce dave]$
这里我们最多只能创建29个文件。
—限制报告：
[root@rhce ~]# repquota /dave
*** Report for user quotas on device/dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days;Inode grace time: 7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
———————————————————————-
root — 141432 0 0 3 0 0
dave01 +- 20476 10240 20480 6days 2 0 0
dave02 -+ 4 0 0 30 20 30 6days
2.7 更改宽限时间
通过repquota命令，可以看到block和inode的宽限时间默认都是7天。
[root@rhce ~]# repquota /dave
*** Report for user quotas on device/dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days;Inode grace time: 7days
这个时间，我们可以使用edquota 来修改。
[root@rhce ~]# edquota -h
edquota: Usage:
edquota [-rm] [-u] [-F formatname] [-p username] [-f filesystem]username …
edquota [-rm] -g [-F formatname] [-p groupname] [-f filesystem]groupname …
edquota [-rm] [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -t
edquota [-rm] [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -Tusername|groupname …
-u, –user edit user data
-g, –group edit group data
-r, –remote edit remote quota (via RPC)
-m, –no-mixed-pathnames trim leading slashes from NFSv4mountpoints
-F, –format=formatname edit quotas of a specific format
-p, –prototype=name copy data from a prototype user/group
–always-resolve alwaystry to resolve name, even if it is
composed only of digits
-f, –filesystem=filesystem edit data only on a specific filesystem
-t, –edit-period edit grace period
-T, –edit-times edit grace time of a user/group
-h, –help display this help text andexit
-V, –version display version informationand exit
2.7.1 按用户来设置宽限时间
—修改用户dave01的宽限时间：
[root@rhce ~]# edquota-T dave01
Times to enforce softlimit for user dave01(uid 503):
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, orseconds
Filesystem block grace inodegrace
/dev/sdc1 601938seconds unset
~
这是默认值：
[root@rhce ~]# edquota -T dave01
Times to enforce softlimit for user dave01(uid 503):
Time units may be: days,hours, minutes, or seconds
Filesystem block grace inodegrace
/dev/sdc1 10days unset
我们改成10天。 上面有时间的单位。
—查看报告显示：
[root@rhce ~]# repquota /dave
*** Report for user quotas on device/dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time:7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
———————————————————————-
root — 141432 0 0 3 0 0
dave01 +- 20476 10240 20480 10days 2 0 0
dave02 -+ 4 0 0 30 20 30 6days
[root@rhce ~]# edquota -T dave02
Times to enforce softlimit for user dave02(uid 504):
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, orseconds
Filesystem block grace inodegrace
/dev/sdc1 unset 12days
~
[root@rhce ~]# repquota/dave
*** Report for user quotas on device/dev/sdc1
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time:7days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
———————————————————————-
root — 141432 0 0 3 0 0
dave01 +- 20476 10240 20480 9days 2 0 0
dave02 -+ 4 0 0 30 20 30 12days
2.7.2 按组来设置宽限时间
我们的dave02 用户对应的组是grp02.
-Tg 争对组
T 争对用户
—默认值：
[root@rhce ~]# edquota -Tg grp02
Times to enforce softlimit for group grp02(gid 504):
Time units may be: days,hours, minutes, or seconds
Filesystem block grace inodegrace
/dev/sdc1 unset unset
—修改：
[root@rhce ~]# edquota -Tg grp02
Times to enforce softlimit for group grp02(gid 504):
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, orseconds
Filesystem block grace inodegrace
/dev/sdc1 unset 10days
~
但是这里我们一旦保存之后，我们的修改就又还原了。
如果我们想修改组的宽限时间，就必须先设置组的soft和hard limit。 只有这2个属性设置以后，才可以设置宽限时间。
[root@rhce dave]# edquota-g grp02
Disk quotas for group grp02 (gid 504):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sdc1 4 0 0 30 20 30
这是完以后，就可以设置组的宽限时间了。
2.8 关闭配额
[root@rhce dave]# quotaoff -a
–关闭quota之后，在清空/etc/fstab 文件中有关配额的限制。
最后remount 磁盘。
