服务器评测
环境：
OEL6.3 x64 (CentOS6.3 x64)
网络环境中无其它DHCP服务器
一、 cobbler安装准备
1. 关闭iptables与selinux
# chkconfig iptables off
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
1 # sestatus 重启后查看
2. 安装源准备并安装cobbler软件
说明：基础源与epel源。
rpm -ivh http://download.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp Python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart fence-agents
二、 配置tftp-server与rsync
开启tftp与rsync服务
sed -i ‘/disable/c disable = no’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i -e ‘s/= yes/= no/g’ /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
三、配置cobbler
1. 配置httpd配置文件
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
2. 配置cobbler主配置文件
sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.10/g’ /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i ‘s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.10/g’ /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g’ /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i ‘s/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g’ /etc/cobbler/settings
3. 配置cobbler web登录认证配置文件
(1) 修改认证文件
sed -i ‘s/module = authn_denyall/module = authn_configfile/g’ /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
(2) 设置用户名密码：
htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest “Cobbler” cobbler
4. 生成Cobbler安装系统root初始密码
(1)这里生成密钥和配置默认密钥，ks文件引用
# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here’ ‘111111’
$1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z.
(2) 将上面的加密串加入cobbler配置文件中。
# vi /etc/cobbler/settings
# 修改为如下配置
default_password_crypted: “$1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z.”
四、配置DHCP与启动cobbler相关服务
1. 配置dhcp配置文件
# mv /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak
# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 202.100.192.68;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.120 192.168.1.254;
filename “/pxelinux.0”;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
}
2. 需要启动的服务
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig xinetd on
chkconfig dhcpd on
chkconfig cobblerd on
service httpd start
service xinetd start
service dhcpd start
service cobblerd start
相关阅读：
运维自动化之Cobbler安装配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81575.htm
RHEL5.5下Cobbler的配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86115.htm
运维自动化部署Cobbler之服务安装篇 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-02/80133.htm
利用Cobbler批量快速网络安装CentOS http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/75838.htm
CentOS 6.3上安装部署 Cobbler http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/72094.htm
五、效验cobbler安装条件
1. 修复cobbler check时出现的第一条错误信息
[root@pxe ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2013-12-15_191305_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Dec 15 19:13:05 2013)
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading http://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@pxe ~]#
2. 修复debian/Ubuntu系统安装选项支持包
# vi /etc/debmirror.conf
说明：前提是安装debmirror pykickstart这两个包，注释掉如下两行。
#@dists=”sid”;
#@arches=”i386″;
3. cobbler check效验环境
[root@pxe ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : service dhcpd is not running
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync’ to apply changes.
4. 按上文校验提示操作修复
[root@pxe ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2013-12-15_192432_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Dec 15 19:24:32 2013)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc
mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/etc
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running Python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]
received on stderr:
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@pxe ~]#
说明：本节在前面已经考虑过cobbler check的错误提示了，大部分处理了。
5. 重启cobblerd 与xinetd服务
[root@pxe ~]# service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
[root@pxe ~]# service xinetd restart
停止 xinetd： [确定]
正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
六、导入linux ISO安装镜像
1. 挂载ISO光盘镜像
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
2. 开始导入光盘镜像
# cobbler import –path=/mnt –arch=x86_64 –name=CentOS-5.9
task started: 2013-12-15_193916_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Dec 15 19:39:16 2013)
Found a candidate signature: breed=RedHat, version=rhel5
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64:
creating new distro: Centos-5.9-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos-5.9-x86_64
creating new profile: Centos-5.9-x86_64
creating new distro: Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
creating new profile: Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 for Centos-5.9-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
running: createrepo -c cache -s sha –groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
received on stdout: Spawning worker 0 with 3579 pkgs
Worker 0:
……….
… 略….
……….
Worker 0:
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
received on stderr:
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64 for Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
说明: cobbler将镜像拷贝一份放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirrors/CentOS-5.9-x86_64目录下。
同时会创建一个名字为CentOS-5.9-x86_64的一个发布版本，以及一个名字为CentOS-5.9-x86_64的profile文件。
[root@pxe kickstarts]# cobbler list
distros:
Centos-5.9-x86_64
Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
profiles:
Centos-5.9-x86_64
Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
七、修改安装更改kickstart文件
1. 相关知识内容
说明：
默认kickstart文件是/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks，需要手动为每个发行版单独指定, 或单独修改。
# cobbler distro list
CentOS-5.9-x86_64
Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64
#
2. 手动创建自定义新的kickstart文件
vi /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks
install
text
cdrom
lang zh_CN.UTF-8
keyboard us
reboot
url –url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
network –device eth0 –bootproto dhcp –noipv6 –hostname oa
rootpw –iscrypted $1$H0bnNoWM$HE1R/mWv6LqbhUGI8Xw/t.
firewall –disabled
authconfig –enableshadow –enablemd5
selinux –disabled
timezone Asia/Shanghai
bootloader –location=mbr –driveorder=sda –append=”rhgb quiet”
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart –all –initlabel
part /boot –fstype ext3 –size=200 –asprimary
part swap –size=2048
part / –fstype ext3 –size=200 –grow
%packages
@admin-tools
@base
@chinese-support
@core
@development-libs
@development-tools
@dialup
@editors
@gnome-desktop
@games
@graphical-internet
@graphics
@java
@legacy-software-development
@legacy-software-support
@office
@printing
@sound-and-video
@text-internet
@base-x
system-config-kickstart
kexec-tools
iscsi-initiator-utils
fipscheck
squashfs-tools
device-mapper-multipath
sgpio
imake
emacs
libsane-hpaio
xorg-x11-utils
xorg-x11-server-Xnest
xorg-x11-server-Xvfb
%post
service sendmail stop
3. 修改profile指定新的KS启动文件，按角色进行分类
说明
1. 选择Centos-5.9-x86_64，将采用Centos-5.9-x86_64安装源，并通过/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks文件进行全自动安装。
2. 如有其它发行版，导入完镜像后，可以通过以下方式进行修改，否则将采用默认KS进行安装系统。
3. 也可以采用不同的ks文件来实现个性能自动安装，如下面第三条add命令，添加一个半自动的ks文件。
4. 如果没有按下面内容修改指定ks文件的话，引导菜单只显示Centos-5.9-x86_64默认一项。指定ks文件后，会在启动菜单中显示。
# cobbler profile edit –name=Centos-5.9-x86_64 –distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks
示例：
# cobbler profile edit –name=Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 –distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9-xen.ks
# cobbler profile add –name=Centos-5.9-half-auto –distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 –kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9-halfauto.ks
如图所示：
4. 更改profile名称
# cobbler profile rename –name=Centos-5.9-x86_64 –newname=CentOS-5U9-x64
5. 删除profile配置，需要删除的profile名称为Centos-5.9-x86_64，删除后，安装启动菜单相关项消失。
# cobbler profile remove –name=Centos-5.9-x86_64
八、添加指定客户机系统配置到Cobbler
1. 指定一个网段使用特定的装机配置
cobbler system add –name=test_000 –ip=192.168.1.0/24 –profile=CentOS-5.9-x86_64
2. 添加一个指定服务器的装机配置
指定服务器的mac地址，并设置好主机名、IP地址等信息，需要提示知道服务器MAC地址，根据MAC应用到具体机器上。
还可以指定ks参数。–kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks
cobbler system add –name=test_001 –hostname=test_001 –mac=00:0C:29:E3:81:32 –interface=eth0 –ip-address=192.168.1.123 –subnet=255.255.255.0 –gateway=192.168.1.1 –static=1 –profile=Centos-5.9-x86_64
3. 修改system配置
机器IP地址变更为192.168.10.110
cobbler system add –name=test_001 –ip=192.168.1.110
变更system配置名称
cobbler system rename –name=test001 –newname=abc
4. 删除system配置
需要删除的profile名称为test_001
cobbler system remove –name=test_001
5. 查看定义的系统列表
cobbler system list
test_001
九、安装客户端操作系统
(1) 通过网卡pxe启动
(2) 自动完成安装
十、重装客户端操作系统
wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm
查看cobbler server上的配置文件，对于centos5.x 的系统koan不能采用yum安装，否则会因Python版本过低而报错。
# koan –server=192.168.1.10 –list=profiles
– looking for Cobbler at http://192.168.1.10/cobbler_api
– reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64
install_tree: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
downloading initrd initrd.img to /boot/initrd.img
url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img
– reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img
downloading kernel vmlinuz to /boot/vmlinuz
url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz
– reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz
– [‘/sbin/grubby’, ‘–add-kernel’, ‘/boot/vmlinuz’, ‘–initrd’, ‘/boot/initrd.img’, ‘–args’, ‘”ks=http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64 ksdevice=link kssendmac lang= text “‘, ‘–copy-default’, ‘–make-default’, ‘–title=kick1387098833’]
– reboot to apply changes
# reboot
reboot重启服务器后，客户端服务器会自动重新安装操作系统
更多CentOS相关信息见CentOS 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14
