服务器评测
YUM(全称为Yellow dog Updater, Modified)是一个在RHEL系操作系统中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须频繁地一次次下载、安装。
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YUM软件包仓库配置：
YUM软件包管理器针对软件包的操作都要依赖yum的仓库来实现。而yum仓库的配置可以编辑yum的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf、/etc/yum.repos.d/*repo)来实现。 一般情况/etc/yum.conf下主要是yum的主配置文件，/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo主要是各个软件仓库的配置文件。
/etc/yum.conf：
/etc/yum.repos.d/media.repo：
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YUM安装、升级和删除软件包：
# yum {install | update | remove} PACKAGE_NAME …
示例 1：
软件包的安装：
示例 2：
软件包的升级：
备注：yum update 后面跟随软件包名，是只检测指定的软件的更新
备注：yum update 命令检测系统上所有已安装软件的更新
示例 3：
软件包的删除：
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YUM安装、升级和删除软件包组：
# yum {groupinstall | groupupdate | groupremove} PACKAGEGROUP_NAME …
// 安装打印服务包组
// 包组名称之间如果有空格，需要用引号引起来
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall “Print Server”
// 升级打印服务包组
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupupdate “Print Server”
// 删除打印服务包组
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupremove “Print Server”
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YUM其他的选项：
# yum list [all | installed | updates | available]
# yum grouplist
//列出所有的软件包
//all可以省略
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all
[root@localhost ~]# yum list
//列出所有已安装的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed
//列出所有需要更新的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list updates
//列出所有可用软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list available
//列出所有包组
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist
# yum repolist [all | enabled | disabled]
//yum repolist默认显示所有enabled软件仓库列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
//也可以手动指定enabled选项
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled
//列出所有disabled软件仓库列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist disabled
//列出全部软件仓库列表
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
# yum info [all | installed | updates | available | PACKAGE_NAME]
//显示lftp软件包信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum info lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.hustunique.com
* extras: mirrors.hustunique.com
* updates: mirrors.hustunique.com
Installed Packages
Name : lftp
Arch : x86_64
Version : 4.0.9
Release : 1.el6_5.1
Size : 2.5 M
Repo : installed
From repo : updates
Summary : A sophisticated file transfer program
URL : http://lftp.yar.ru/
License : GPLv3+
Description : LFTP is a sophisticated ftp/http file transfer program. Like bash, it has job
: control and uses the readline library for input. It has bookmarks, built-in
: mirroring, and can transfer several files in parallel. It is designed with
: reliability in mind.
Available Packages
Name : lftp
Arch : i686
Version : 4.0.9
Release : 1.el6_5.1
Size : 735 k
Repo : updates
Summary : A sophisticated file transfer program
URL : http://lftp.yar.ru/
License : GPLv3+
Description : LFTP is a sophisticated ftp/http file transfer program. Like bash, it has job
: control and uses the readline library for input. It has bookmarks, built-in
: mirroring, and can transfer several files in parallel. It is designed with
: reliability in mind.
//其他选项可以显示所有installed、updates、available和全部软件包的信息
# yum groupinfo “PACKAGE_GROUP_NAME”
//显示”Print Server”包组信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinfo “Print Server”
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.stu.edu.tw
* extras: mirrors.hustunique.com
* updates: mirrors.hustunique.com
Group: Print Server
Description: Allows the system to act as a print server. //描述
Mandatory Packages: //必须安装的包
cups
printer-filters
Default Packages: //默认安装的包
foomatic-db-ppds
gutenprint
gutenprint-cups
hpijs
paps
# yum clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
# yum makecache
//清除软件包缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean packages
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
0 package files removed
//清除软件包元数据缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean metadata
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
13 metadata files removed
9 sqlite files removed
0 metadata files removed
//清除过期缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean expire-cache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
0 metadata files removed
//清除rpmdb数据库
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean rpmdb
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
4 rpmdb files removed
//清除补丁缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean plugins
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
//清除所有缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up Everything
//重建缓冲
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/group_gz | 220 kB 00:01
base/filelists_db | 5.9 MB 00:44
base/primary_db | 4.4 MB 00:29
base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:25
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/filelists_db | 11 kB 00:00
extras/prestodelta | 907 B 00:00
extras/primary_db | 19 kB 00:00
extras/other_db | 5.8 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/filelists_db | 1.5 MB 00:17
updates/prestodelta | 156 kB 00:01
updates/primary_db | 2.1 MB 00:19
updates/other_db | 244 kB 00:01
Metadata Cache Created
# yum check-update
# yum update [PACKAGE_NAME] …
//检测系统已安装软件包是否有更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
initscripts.x86_64 9.03.40-2.el6.CentOS.1 updates
libtiff.x86_64 3.9.4-10.el6_5 updates
phonon-backend-gstreamer.x86_64 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 updates
postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-6.el6_5 updates
psmisc.x86_64 22.6-19.el6_5 updates
upstart.x86_64 0.6.5-13.el6_5.2 updates
//更新软件包”postfix”
[root@localhost ~]# yum update postfix
//更新所有可更新的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
# yum reinstall PACKAGE_NAME …
//重新安装软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall lftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Reinstall Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-1.el6_5.1 will be reinstalled
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
# yum history
//查看此前yum操作历史
[root@localhost ~]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
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11 | root <root> | 2014-03-01 23:31 | Install | 30
10 | root <root> | 2014-03-01 20:59 | Install | 1
9 | root <root> | 2014-03-01 20:50 | Erase | 1
8 | root <root> | 2014-03-01 20:47 | Install | 1
7 | root <root> | 2014-03-01 20:42 | Erase | 1 EE
6 | root <root> | 2014-03-01 20:41 | Update | 1 <
5 | root <root> | 2014-02-28 17:06 | Install | 1 ><
4 | root <root> | 2014-02-28 15:56 | Install | 8 >
3 | root <root> | 2014-02-28 13:09 | I, U | 115
2 | root <root> | 2014-02-17 17:20 | I, U | 54
1 | System <unset> | 2014-02-17 23:36 | Install | 621
history list
推荐阅读：
RedHat Linux 本地yum源的配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88217.htm
RedHat 6.2 Linux修改yum源免费使用CentOS源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87383.htm
配置EPEL YUM源 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/71850.htm
Redhat 本地yum源配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-11/75127.htm
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RedHat 6.1下安装yum(图文) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86535.htm
YUM 安装及清理 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87163.htm
