Reprepro是一款小巧的命令行工具来方便地创建并管理.deb仓库。今天我们会展示给你如何使用reprepro简单地创建一个Debian包仓库,并使用rsync上传到Sourceforge.net。
Ubuntu下deb包的安装方法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/99037.htm
步骤 1: 安装Reprepro并生成key
首先,安装所有需要的包,使用下面的apt-get命令。
- $ sudo apt–get install reprepro gnupg
现在你需要使用gnupg生成一个gpg key,这里使用下面的命令。
- $ gpg —gen–key
它会询问你一些问题,比如你想要哪种key、key的有效期、如果你不知道如何回答,只需点击回车 来选择默认选项(建议)
当然,它会询问你用户名和密码,在脑海中记住这些,因为我们会在之后需要它。
- gpg (GnuPG)1.4.14;Copyright(C)2013FreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.
- Thisis free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
- Thereis NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
- Pleaseselect what kind of key you want:
- (1) RSA and RSA (default)
- (2) DSA andElgamal
- (3) DSA (sign only)
- (4) RSA (sign only)
- Your selection?
- RSA keys may be between 1024and4096 bits long.
- What keysize do you want?(2048)
- Requested keysize is2048 bits
- Please specify how long the key should be valid.
- 0= key does not expire
- = key expires in n days
- w = key expires in n weeks
- m = key expires in n months
- y = key expires in n years
- Keyis valid for?(0)
- Key does not expire at all
- Isthis correct?(y/N) Y
- You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
- from the RealName,CommentandEmailAddressinthis form:
- “Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) <heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>”
- Real name: ravisaive
- Email address: tecmint.com@gmail.com
- Comment: tecmint
- You selected this USER–ID:
- “Ravi Saive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com>”
- Change(N)ame,(C)omment,(E)mail or(O)kay/(Q)uit? O
- You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
- We need to generate a lot of random bytes.Itis a good idea to perform
- some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
- disks) during the prime generation;this gives the random number
- generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
- +++++
- gpg: key 2EB446DD marked as ultimately trusted
- publicand secret key created andsigned.
- gpg: checking the trustdb
- gpg:3 marginal(s) needed,1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
- gpg: depth:0 valid:1signed:0 trust:0-,0q,0n,0m,0f,1u
- pub 2048R/2EB446DD2014–06–24
- Key fingerprint = D222 B1C9 342E591102B191473BD679182EB446DD
- uid RaviSaive(tecmint)<tecmint.com@gmail.com>
- sub2048R/7EF2F7502014–06–24
现在你的key已经生成了,要检查一下,用root权限运行这条命令。
- $ sudo gpg —list–keys
示例输出
- /home/ravisaive/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
- ———————————-
- pub 2048R/2EB446DD2014–06–24
- uid ravisaive (tecmint)<tecmint.com@gmail.com>
- sub2048R/7EF2F7502014–06–24
步骤 2: 创建一个包仓库并导出key
我们现在要开始创建仓库,首先你需要创建一些文件夹,我们的仓库会放在/var/www/apt目录,让我们先创建这些目录。
- $ sudo su
- # cd /var/www
- # mkdir apt
- # mkdir -p ./apt/incoming
- # mkdir -p ./apt/conf
- # mkdir -p ./apt/key
你现在需要将key导出到仓库文件夹,运行:
- # gpg –armor –export username yourmail@mail.com >> /var/www/apt/key/deb.gpg.key
注意:用你之前步骤中输入的用户名代替username,用你的email代替上面的yourmail@mail.com。
我们需要在/var/www/apt/conf创建一个文件“distributions”。
- # touch /var/www/apt/conf/distributions
加入下面这几行到distributions这个文件中并保存。
- Origin:(你的名字)
- Label:(库的名字)
- Suite:(stable 或 unstable)
- Codename:(发布的代码名,比如 trusty)
- Version:(发布的版本,比如14.04)
- Architectures:(软件包所支持的架构,比如 i386 或 amd64)
- Components:(包含的部件,比如 main restricted universe multiverse)
- Description:(描述)
- SignWith: yes
接下来我们会创建仓库树,运行这些命令:
- # reprepro –ask-passphrase -Vb /var/www/apt export
示例输出
- Created directory “/var/www/apt/db”
- ExportingTrusty…
- Created directory “/var/www/apt/dists”
- Created directory “/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty”
- Created directory “/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/universe”
- Created directory “/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/universe/binary-i386”
- FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint)<tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
- Please enter passphrase:
- Successfully created ‘/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/Release.gpg.new’
- FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint)<tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
- Please enter passphrase:
- Successfully created ‘/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/InRelease.new’
步骤 3: 在新创建的仓库中加入包
现在准备你的.deb包来加入到仓库中。进入 /var/www/apt目录,你每次要加包的时候都必须这么做。
- # cd /var/www/apt
- # reprepro –ask-passphrase -Vb . includedeb Trusty /home/ravisaive/packages.deb
注意:用你在distributions文件中输入的仓库代号来代替trusty ,并且用包的路径替换/home/username/package.deb,你会被要求输入密码。
示例输出
- /home/ravisaive/packages.deb : component guessed as‘universe’
- Created directory “./pool”
- Created directory “./pool/universe”
- Created directory “./pool/universe/o”
- Created directory “./pool/universe/o/ojuba-personal-lock”
- Exporting indices…
- FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint)<tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
- Please enter passphrase:
- Successfully created ‘./dists/Trusty/Release.gpg.new’
- FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint)<tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
- Please enter passphrase:
- Successfully created ‘./dists/Trusty/InRelease.new’
你的包已经加入了仓库,如果要移除它的话采用如下命令:
- # reprepro –ask-passphrase -Vb /var/www/apt remove trusty package.deb
当然你需要用你的包名与仓库代号来修改命令。
步骤 4: 上传仓库到Sourceforge.net
要上传仓库到Sourceforge.net,你当然需要一个可用的账号与一个可用的项目,让我假设你想要上传仓库到http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository,这里的myfoo是项目名(UNIX上的名称,不是URL,不是标题),testrepository是你想要上传文件到这上面的目录,这里我们会使用rsync 命令。(LCTT译注:当然你也可以上传到其它的支持Http/Rsync的服务器上,以提供远程软件库的服务。)
- # rsync -avP -e ssh /var/www/apt/ username@frs.sourceforge.net:/home/frs/project/myfoo/testrepository/
注意:用你在sourceforge.net上的用户名代替username,用你的项目的UNIX名称代替myfoo,用你想要存储的文件夹代替testrepository。
现在你的仓库(包括设置和key等等)上传到了http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository。
要把它加入到一个已装好的系统,首先你需要导入仓库key,它实际上就是/var/www/apt/key/deb.gpg.key,但是这是一个本地路径,使用你的仓库的其它用户不能添加到他们的系统中,这就是为什么我们要导入来自sourceforge.net的key的原因。
- $ sudo su
- # wget -O – http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository/apt/key/deb.gpg.key | apt-key add –
你现在可以非常轻松地把仓库加入到系统中了,打开/etc/apt/sources.list,并加入下面这行:
- deb http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository/apt/key/deb.gpg.key trusty main
Note:用你的项目的UNIX类型名称代替myfoo,用你的仓库代码代替trusty,用你上传存储的文件夹代替testrepository,用你在distributionsj加入的仓库组件代替main。
接下来,运行下面的命令来更新仓库列表。
- $ sudo apt–get update
祝贺你! 你的软件仓库已经激活了!你现在可以非常简单地在你需要的时候安装包了。
via: http://www.tecmint.com/create-deb-pacakge-repository-in-ubuntu/
译者:geekpi 校对:wxy
本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出
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