服务器评测
下载Linux 内核，从以下网站https://www.kernel.org/
上传kernel文件到/usr/src/kernels/ 目录下，此处也可以选择其他目录
怎样在 Ubuntu 上安装 Linux 3.11 内核 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89674.htm
Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander) 内核已升级至 Linux Kernel 3.10 RC5 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86110.htm
Linux Kernel 3.4.62 LTS 现已经提供下载 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90368.htm
如何在Ubuntu 13.10上安装Linux内核 3.12 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92930.htm
解压kernel文件
[root@apache kernels]# tar -xJvf linux-3.16.1.tar.xz
安装包 gcc、ncurses-devel
[root@apache yum.repos.d]# yum -y install gcc ncurses-devel
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Repository ‘y’ is missing name in configuration, using id
y | 4.1 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.2-16.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libmpc.so.3()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.4()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64
—> Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7 will be installed
–> Running transaction check
—> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be installed
—> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-55.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64
—> Package libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 will be installed
—> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 will be installed
–> Running transaction check
—> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64
–> Running transaction check
—> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-121.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================
Installing:
gcc x86_64 4.8.2-16.el7 y 16 M
ncurses-devel x86_64 5.9-13.20130511.el7 y 713 k
Installing for dependencies:
cpp x86_64 4.8.2-16.el7 y 5.9 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-55.el7 y 1.0 M
glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-55.el7 y 650 k
kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-121.el7 y 1.4 M
libmpc x86_64 1.0.1-3.el7 y 51 k
mpfr x86_64 3.1.1-4.el7 y 203 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+6 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 26 M
Installed size: 61 M
Downloading packages:
——————————————————————————————————————
Total 31 MB/s | 26 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 1/8
Installing : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 2/8
Installing : cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 3/8
Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-121.el7.x86_64 4/8
Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 5/8
Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 6/8
Installing : gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 7/8
Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 8/8
Verifying : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 2/8
Verifying : glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 4/8
Verifying : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 5/8
Verifying : kernel-headers-3.10.0-121.el7.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 7/8
Verifying : cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 8/8
Installed:
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7
Dependency Installed:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-121.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7
Complete!
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-08/105919p2.htm
执行make
先查看make帮助
[root@apache linux-3.16.1]# make help
Cleaning targets:
clean – Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper – Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean – mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files
Configuration targets:
config – Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
nconfig – Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program
menuconfig – Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig – Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig – Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig – Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
localmodconfig – Update current config disabling modules not loaded
localyesconfig – Update current config converting local mods to core
silentoldconfig – Same as oldconfig, but quietly, additionally update deps
defconfig – New config with default from ARCH supplied defconfig
savedefconfig – Save current config as ./defconfig (minimal config)
allnoconfig – New config where all options are answered with no
allyesconfig – New config where all options are accepted with yes
allmodconfig – New config selecting modules when possible
alldefconfig – New config with all symbols set to default
randconfig – New config with random answer to all options
listnewconfig – List new options
olddefconfig – Same as silentoldconfig but sets new symbols to their default value
Other generic targets:
all – Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux – Build the bare kernel
* modules – Build all modules
modules_install – Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ – Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[oisS] – Build specified target only
dir/file.lst – Build specified mixed source/assembly target only
(requires a recent binutils and recent build (System.map))
dir/file.ko – Build module including final link
modules_prepare – Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS – Generate tags file for editors
cscope – Generate cscope index
gtags – Generate GNU GLOBAL index
kernelrelease – Output the release version string
kernelversion – Output the version stored in Makefile
image_name – Output the image name
headers_install – Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: ./usr)
Static analysers
checkstack – Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck – Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck – Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck – Check for duplicate included header files
export_report – List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check – Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep – Detect inclusion cycles in headers
coccicheck – Check with Coccinelle.
Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg – Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg – Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg – Build the kernel as a deb package
tar-pkg – Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg – Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg – Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball
tarxz-pkg – Build the kernel as a xz compressed tarball
perf-tar-src-pkg – Build perf-3.16.1.tar source tarball
perf-targz-src-pkg – Build perf-3.16.1.tar.gz source tarball
perf-tarbz2-src-pkg – Build perf-3.16.1.tar.bz2 source tarball
perf-tarxz-src-pkg – Build perf-3.16.1.tar.xz source tarball
Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs – HTML
pdfdocs – PDF
psdocs – Postscript
xmldocs – XML DocBook
mandocs – man pages
installmandocs – install man pages generated by mandocs
cleandocs – clean all generated DocBook files
Architecture specific targets (x86):
* bzImage – Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)
install – Install kernel using
(your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo
fdimage – Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
fdimage144 – Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
fdimage288 – Create 2.8MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
isoimage – Create a boot CD-ROM image (arch/x86/boot/image.iso)
bzdisk/fdimage*/isoimage also accept:
FDARGS=”…” arguments for the booted kernel
FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel
kvmconfig – Enable additional options for guest kernel support
x86_64_defconfig – Build for x86_64
i386_defconfig – Build for i386
make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in “dir”, including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK
make RECORDMCOUNT_WARN=1 [targets] Warn about ignored mcount sections
make W=n [targets] Enable extra gcc checks, n=1,2,3 where
1: warnings which may be relevant and do not occur too often
2: warnings which occur quite often but may still be relevant
3: more obscure warnings, can most likely be ignored
Multiple levels can be combined with W=12 or W=123
Execute “make” or “make all” to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
[root@apache linux-3.16.1]#
执行 make menuconfig命令 出现图形
save
生成.config文件
退出
提示执行make继续或查看帮助
执行 make命令，根据环境编译kernel，生成模块文件。等待一段时间
执行make all 生成内核文件 和 模块文件
[root@dns linux-3.16.1]# make all
CHK include/config/kernel.release
CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CHK include/generated/compile.h
CERTS kernel/x509_certificate_list
– Including cert signing_key.x509
AS kernel/system_certificates.o
LD kernel/built-in.o
CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
LINK vmlinux
LD vmlinux.o
MODPOST vmlinux.o
GEN .version
CHK include/generated/compile.h
UPD include/generated/compile.h
CC init/version.o
LD init/built-in.o
KSYM .tmp_kallsyms1.o
KSYM .tmp_kallsyms2.o
LD vmlinux
SORTEX vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
TEST posttest
Succeed: decoded and checked 1702020 instructions
TEST posttest
arch/x86/tools/insn_sanity: Success: decoded and checked 1000000 random instructions with 0 errors (seed:0x769ca218)
VOFFSET arch/x86/boot/voffset.h
OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin
GZIP arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz
MKPIGGY arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.S
AS arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.o
LD arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux
ZOFFSET arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h
AS arch/x86/boot/header.o
CC arch/x86/boot/version.o
LD arch/x86/boot/setup.elf
OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/setup.bin
OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin
BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage
Setup is 17104 bytes (padded to 17408 bytes).
System is 5064 kB
CRC 67447bac
Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#2)
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 2161 modules
[root@dns linux-3.16.1]#
执行 make modules_install 安装模块
执行 make install
重启
shutdown -r 0
选择新的kernel启动
查看当前kernel，uname -r
升级内核完成
Linux Kernel 的详细介绍：请点这里
Linux Kernel 的下载地址：请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-08/105919.htm
