服务器评测
环境准备：
基本环境：Ubuntu-14.04-desktop-64bit LTS(裸机或者Windows下虚拟机安装均可，12.04也可以，但10.04目前不支持了)
其他要求：空闲磁盘空间100G以上，代码部分接近10G，其他为git和编译中间和目标文件准备
==========================================
第一部分：环境初始化
==========================================
1. 安装Oracle JDK
注意：如果编译Android4.4不能用OpenJDK，必须用Oracle JDK1.6，1.7目前是不支持的。
具体如何安装Oracle JDK，请参见我的另一篇单独的文章，[Ubuntu Linux下安装Oracle JDK] http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/112627.htm
2. 安装必备工具软件
注意：这里与官方的有个包不同，官方的包会报错.
$sudo apt-get install git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386 dpkg-dev
$ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so
3. 配置USB访问权限
将如下内容加入到/etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules文件中
# adb protocol on passion (Nexus One)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4e12″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on passion (Nexus One)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”0bb4″, ATTR{idProduct}==”0fff”, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on crespo/crespo4g (Nexus S)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4e22″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on crespo/crespo4g (Nexus S)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4e20″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on stingray/wingray (Xoom)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”22b8″, ATTR{idProduct}==”70a9″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on stingray/wingray (Xoom)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”708c”, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on maguro/toro (Galaxy Nexus)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”04e8″, ATTR{idProduct}==”6860″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on maguro/toro (Galaxy Nexus)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4e30″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on panda (PandaBoard)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”0451″, ATTR{idProduct}==”d101″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on panda (PandaBoard ES)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”d002″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on panda (PandaBoard)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”0451″, ATTR{idProduct}==”d022″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# usbboot protocol on panda (PandaBoard)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”0451″, ATTR{idProduct}==”d00f”, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# usbboot protocol on panda (PandaBoard ES)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”0451″, ATTR{idProduct}==”d010″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on grouper/tilapia (Nexus 7)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4e42″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on grouper/tilapia (Nexus 7)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4e40″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# adb protocol on manta (Nexus 10)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4ee2″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
# fastboot protocol on manta (Nexus 10)
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, ATTR{idVendor}==”18d1″, ATTR{idProduct}==”4ee0″, MODE=”0600″, OWNER=”<username>”
然后执行如下命令，将上述文件中的username替换为你的用户名。
4. 配置ccache
安装ccache并将export USE_CCACHE=1加入到~/.bashrc中。
$sudo apt-get install ccache
$source ~/.bashrc
==========================================
第二部分：源代码下载
==========================================
1. 安装repo
(1) 创建目录
$ mkdir ~/bin
$ PATH=~/bin:$PATH
(2) 下载repo工具
注：由于防火墙的原因，官方提供的链接无法使用，需替换为如下：
官方的为curl http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo
可用的：
curl http://git-repo.googlecode.com/files/repo-1.12 > ~/bin/repo
(3) 增加可执行权限
$ chmod a+x ~/bin/repo
2. 初始化Repo客户端
(1)创建目录
$mkdir aosp
$cd aosp
(2) 初始化repo
注：后面可能出现网络错误，请先将如下内容加入到/etc/hosts中然后做后面的步骤。
74.125.71.82 www.googlesource.com
74.125.31.82 android.googlesource.com
203.208.46.172 cache.pack.google.com
59.24.3.173 cache.pack.google.com
至于为什么要出现网络错误，你懂的！
$repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest -b android-4.4.2_r2
注意：如果是在虚拟机中执行，需要采用email验证的方式，详细参见参考资料[2].
设置git的用户名和邮件地址，将您的真实email地址和name替换了：
git config –global user.email “you@example.com”
git config –global user.name “Your Name”
修改aosp/.resp/manifest.xml，将fetch=”..”改为：
fetch=”https://android.googlesource.com/”
3. 下载源代码
$repo sync
注意：系统可能会提示你升级repo，最好不要升级，除非你有十足信息解决升级后的一系列问题。
好了，慢慢等吧，短则数小时，长则几天几夜！我花了5个小时
————————————–分割线 ————————————–
Android 4.4.4 发布下载 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-06/103467.htm
最简单的Ubuntu Touch & Android 双系统安装方式 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-01/94881.htm
在Nexus上实现Ubuntu和Android 4.4.2 双启动 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101849.htm
Ubuntu 14.04 配置 Android SDK 开发环境 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101039.htm
64位Ubuntu 11.10下Android开发环境的搭建(JDK+Eclipse+ADT+Android SDK详细) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85303.htm
Ubuntu 14.04 x64配置Android 4.4 kitkat编译环境的方法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/101148.htm
Ubuntu 12.10 x64 安装 Android SDK http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/82005.htm
————————————–分割线 ————————————–
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/112628p2.htm
==========================================
第三部分：源代码编译
==========================================
1. 设置ccache
注：aosp为源代码根目录
$ cd aosp
$ prebuilts/misc/linux-x86/ccache/ccache -M 50G
2. 设置输出目录
略：由于我未分区，因此采用默认的out目录
3. 初始化编译环境
linuxidc@dUbuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$ . build/envsetup.sh
including device/samsung/manta/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/mips/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/armv7-a-neon/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/x86/vendorsetup.sh
including device/lge/mako/vendorsetup.sh
including device/lge/hammerhead/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/tilapia/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/deb/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/grouper/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/flo/vendorsetup.sh
including sdk/bash_completion/adb.bash
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$
4. 选择编译目标包
注：目标包的选择跟你的硬件有关。我这里选择9，mako
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$ lunch
You’re building on Linux
Lunch menu… pick a combo:
1. aosp_arm-eng
2. aosp_x86-eng
3. aosp_mips-eng
4. vbox_x86-eng
5. aosp_manta-userdebug
6. mini_mips-userdebug
7. mini_armv7a_neon-userdebug
8. mini_x86-userdebug
9. aosp_mako-userdebug
10. aosp_hammerhead-userdebug
11. aosp_tilapia-userdebug
12. aosp_deb-userdebug
13. aosp_grouper-userdebug
14. aosp_flo-userdebug
Which would you like? [aosp_arm-eng] 9
============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=4.4.2
TARGET_PRODUCT=aosp_mako
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=userdebug
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a-neon
TARGET_CPU_VARIANT=krait
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-3.13.0-24-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=KVT49L
OUT_DIR=out
============================================
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$ make -j4
注：j4中的数字跟你的CPU个数和核数有关，详细参见参考资料[3].
整个编译过程，大约花了三个小时。编译成功后会在out目录下生成img文件。
5. 将img加载到物理机
(1) 将手机用USB数据线连接到机器
(2) 安装fastboot工具
$ sudo apt-get install Android-tools-fastboot
(3) 设置ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT环境变量
将如下部分加入~/.bashrc文件中：
export ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT=/home/linuxidc/devenv/aosp/out/target/product/mako
然后保存执行”. .bashrc”使其生效。
(4) 以fastboot模式重启手机
$ adb reboot bootloader
此时手机会重启，呈现一个与往不同的fastboot界面
(5) 将编译的img刷到目标机
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp/out$ fastboot flashall -w
——————————————–
Bootloader Version…: PRIMEMD04
Baseband Version…..: I9250XXLJ1
Serial Number……..: 0146A0D00600900B
——————————————–
checking product…
FAILED
Device product is ‘tuna’.
Update requires ‘mako’.
finished. total time: 0.035s
(注：由于我的物理机三星I9250在lunch里没有对应的型号，因此会加载失败，这里这是记录过程)
===================================
如果需要编译其他版本，可执行如下步骤，这里选择虚拟机用的通用版本aosp_arm-eng。
$ cd aosp
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$ . build/envsetup.sh
including device/samsung/manta/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/mips/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/armv7-a-neon/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/x86/vendorsetup.sh
including device/lge/mako/vendorsetup.sh
including device/lge/hammerhead/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/tilapia/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/deb/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/grouper/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/flo/vendorsetup.sh
including sdk/bash_completion/adb.bash
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$ lunch aosp_arm-eng
============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=4.4.2
TARGET_PRODUCT=aosp_arm
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a
TARGET_CPU_VARIANT=generic
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-3.13.0-24-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=KVT49L
OUT_DIR=out
============================================
linuxidc@dubuntu1404:~/devenv/aosp$ make -j4
============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=4.4.2
TARGET_PRODUCT=aosp_arm
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a
TARGET_CPU_VARIANT=generic
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-3.13.0-24-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=KVT49L
OUT_DIR=out
============================================
including ./abi/cpp/Android.mk …
including ./art/Android.mk …
….中间过程省略
Install system fs image: out/target/product/generic/system.img
out/target/product/generic/system.img+ maxsize=588791808 blocksize=2112 total=576716800 reserve=5947392
编译完成，执行如下命令可以将您刚build好的ROM在模拟器里运行起来，第一次启动的时间可能比较长：
$ emulator &
注意：如果提示找不到emulator命令，可将如下环境变量重新初始化一遍(也就是每次重新进入系统运行的时候，都需要初始化一遍)，lunch后面的参数要与你编译的ROM选项一致。
$. build/envsetup.sh
$lunch aosp_arm-eng
更多Ubuntu相关信息见Ubuntu 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=2
更多Android相关信息见Android 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=11
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/112628.htm
