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RHEL7无人值守自动安装 DHCP+TFTP +SYSLINUX+FTP +Kickstart

2015-09-07 分类：Linux运维 阅读(322) 评论(0)

二.实验步骤
服务器配置
客户端配置
三.配置过程
服务器配置
1.最小化安装
2.配置yum源
3.安装图形化界面
4.配置IP地址
5.安装 无人值守 需要的服务：DHCP+TFTP +SYSLINUX+FTP +KICKSTART
安装DHCP
安装TFTP
安装SYSLINUX
安装FTP
安装kickstart
6.    关闭防火墙，查看服务状态
四.测试

一.实验环境

系统：rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso

VMware 11  下载见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/121420.htm 

服务器：桥接vmnet0

客户机：桥接vmnet0

二.实验步骤

服务器配置

1. 最小化安装

2. 配置yum源

3. 安装图形化界面

4. 配置IP地址

5. 安装 无人值守 需要的服务：DHCP+TFTP+FTP+SYSLINUX+KICKSTART

6. 关闭防火墙，启动服务

客户端配置

三.配置过程

服务器配置

1. 最小化安装

 

2. 配置yum源

先挂载镜像光盘

#mkdir /mnt/iso         #创建挂载目录

 

#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/iso/ #将镜像挂载到mnt的iso目录，镜像的名字在linux里是/dev/sr0

#df –TH                #查看挂载情况

现在开始配置yum源   

#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/hrr.repo   #新建一个.repo的文件（一定要.repo）

[dvd]                      #yum源的名字

name=rhel7                 #yum repo的描述

baselurl=file:///mnt/iso             #包路径file://(特殊写法) /mnt/iso(包所在的目录必须与repodata同级目录)

enabled=1                                  #1启用仓库，0反之

gpgcheck=0                               #1验证(后面要写gpgcheck文件在哪)，0反之

验证配置yum源结果

#yum repolist                   #查看yum源配置结果，可以看到status表示配置成功

3. 安装图形化界面

# yum -y groupinstall “Server with GUI”   #安装图形化界面组包

进入图形化界面

4. 配置IP地址

#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736    #编辑网卡配置文件

修改/添加以下配置(前缀一定要大写)：

BOOTPROTO=static            #static表手动配置，DHCP表自动获取

ONBOOT=yes                #是否开机自动运动

IPADDR0=192.168.65.2       #IP地址

PREFIX0=24                #子网掩码

GATEWAY0=192.168.65.1      #网关

DNS1=8.8.8.8               #DNS

重启网络服务

#service network restart

查看IP配置

#nmcli connection show             #查看up的网卡，name是配置文件ifcfg-后面的名字

5. 安装 无人值守 需要的服务：DHCP+TFTP +SYSLINUX+FTP +KICKSTART

安装DHCP

#yum install -y dhcp                 # -y表示确认，不加y会有提示

 

修改DHCP配置文件

# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

添加/修改

subnet 192.168.65.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{  #网段

range 192.168.65.5 192.168.65.9;            #范围

next-server 192.168.65.2;                  #TFTP服务器

filename “pxelinux.0”;                    #镜像名字

}

启用DHCP服务

# systemctl  restart dhcpd.service

查看DHCP状态

# systemctl  status dhcpd.service

安装TFTP

# yum -y install tftp

# yum -y install tftp-server.x86_64

# yum -y install xinetd.x86_64   #xinetd是超守进程，因为TFTP是被超管理的进程，所以要用TFTP服务时，超守进程会唤醒TFTP

#vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp                 #配置TFTP开机启动，把disable的yes改为no

启动服务查看状态

#service xinetd restart

#systemctl restart xinetd.service

#lsof –i:69                        #69是tftp的服务端口，可以看到TFTP服务已启动

安装SYSLINUX

#yum –y install syslinux*

复制开机所需文件

[root@localhost /]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/   #进入TFTP目录

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 ./  #刚刚装了sysylinux,现在将pxelinux.0镜像复制到tftpboot目录

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /mnt/iso/images/pxeboot/{initd.img,vmlinuxz} ./ #initd.img,内存镜像，vmlinuz是linux内核

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /mnt/iso/isolinux/{vesamenu.c32,*msg3} ./ 

[root@localhost tftpboot]#mkdir pxelinux.cfg

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /mnt/iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg ./pxelinux.cfg/default  #将光盘里的isolinux.cfg文件复制到tftpboot的pxelinux.cfg目录并重命名为default

查看复制结果，看到对应的6个文件，就复制成功

修改default文件

将hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0\\x20Server.x86_64全部替换为

ftp://192.168.5.2 ks=ftp://192.168.65.2/pub/ks.cfg

一共有4个地方

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122765p2.htm

安装FTP

#yum –y install vsftp.x86_64

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp -r /mnt/iso/* /var/ftp          #把安装光盘的文件全部复制到ftp目录

 [root@localhost tftpboot]# ll /var/ftp/                      #查看复制结果

total 352

dr-xr-xr-x.  4 root root    52 Aug  4 01:26 addons

dr-xr-xr-x.  3 root root    17 Aug  4 01:26 EFI

-r–r–r–.  1 root root  8266 Aug  4 01:26 EULA

-r–r–r–.  1 root root  18092 Aug  4 01:26 GPL

dr-xr-xr-x.  3 root root    54 Aug  4 01:26 images

dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Aug  4 01:26 isolinux

dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root    41 Aug  4 01:26 LiveOS

-r–r–r–.  1 root root    108 Aug  4 01:26 media.repo

dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root 225280 Aug  4 01:30 Packages

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      6 Mar  7  2014 pub

dr-xr-xr-x. 24 root root  4096 Aug  4 01:30 release-notes

dr-xr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Aug  4 01:30 repodata

-r–r–r–.  1 root root  3375 Aug  4 01:30 RPM-GPG-KEY-RedHat-beta

-r–r–r–.  1 root root   3211 Aug  4 01:30 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

-r–r–r–.  1 root root  1568 Aug  4 01:30 TRANS.TBL

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp ~/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg       #将本系统的安装配置文件anaconda-ks.cfg，复制到ftp的pub目录下并重命名为ks.cfg

[root@localhost tftpboot]# ll /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg                       #查看ks.cfg文件属性

-rw——-. 1 root root 2589 Aug  4 01:34 /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg

[root@localhost tftpboot]# chmod +r /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg                      #添加读的属性

[root@localhost tftpboot]# ll /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg                                 #查看ks.cfg文件属性

-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 2589 Aug  4 01:34 /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg

修改ks.cfg文件

下面是ks.cfg配置文件内容

#version=RHEL7

# System authorization information

auth –useshadow –enablemd5

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Reboot after installation

reboot

# Use CDROM installation media

url –url=ftp://192.168.65.2

# Firewall configuration

firewall –enabled

firstboot –disable

ignoredisk –only-use=sda

# Keyboard layouts

# old format: keyboard us

# new format:

keyboard –vckeymap=us –xlayouts=’us’

# System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

# Network information

network  –bootproto=dhcp

network  –hostname=localhost.localdomain

# Root password

rootpw –iscrypted $1$dq/RUYXu$KTztpGgYyUmDur05zgWZt1

# System services

services –enabled=”chronyd”

# System timezone

timezone America/Los_Angeles –isUtc

user –name=ream –password=$6$d5.YwnmIoKU5KqgX$h1jmKofHk28yYz0LyD.HiOgOnK7F0.arKFn6mcwMofrNtCAeGWSq5pzcgyUbFBETA3EC.QVGZKMAbjpuMrjbE1 –iscrypted –gecos=”ream”

# X Window System configuration information

xconfig  –startxonboot

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader –location=mbr –boot-drive=sda

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart –all –initlabel

# Disk partitioning information

part swap –fstype=”swap” –size=2048

part /boot –fstype=”xfs” –size=300

part / –fstype=”xfs” –size=18131

%post

/usr/sbin/adduser ream

/usr/sbin/usermod -p ‘$1$dq/RUYXu$KTztpGgYyUmDur05zgWZt1’ ream

/usr/bin/chfn -f “ream” ream

mv /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc.local.00

echo ‘#!/bin/bash’ > /etc/rc.d/rc.local

ln -s ../rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99rclocal

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘mkdir -p /var/log/vmware’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘exec 1> /var/log/vmware/rc.local.log’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘exec 2>&1’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘set -x’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘echo Installing VMware Tools’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘set -x’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/eject sr0 || /bin/true’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/eject sr1 || /bin/true’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’guest.upgrader_send_cmd_line_args –default\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’upgrader.setGuestFileRoot /tmp\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’toolinstall.installerActive 1\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’toolinstall.installerActive 100\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘rm -f /etc/rc.d/rc.local’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘rm -f /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99rclocal’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘mv /etc/rc.d/rc.local.00 /etc/rc.d/rc.local’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

/bin/echo done

%end

%packages

@base

@core

@guest-desktop-agents

binutils

chrony

ftp

gcc

kernel-devel

make

open-vm-tools

patch

python

%end

启用FTP服务

# systemctl  restart vsftp.service

查看DHCP状态

# systemctl  status vsftpd.service

以上配置配置完就可以进行无人值守安装，不过配置是和服务器装机时的配置一样的，下面安装kickstart可以自定义安装一个不一样的系统

安装kickstart

[root@localhost tftpboot]# yum -y install *kickstart*

 [root@localhost ~]# system-config-kickstart            #自定义配置kickstart

与ks文件的对比

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

#version=DEVEL

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard ‘us’

#键盘输入

# Reboot after installation

Reboot

#安装完自动重启

# Root password

rootpw –iscrypted $1$vVvwaH.E$laQ2SHKj2ej6/1C.YzU7Q.

#root密码

# System timezone

timezone Africa/Abidjan

#时间

# Use network installation

url –url=ftp://192.168.65.2/

#FTP网络路径

# System language

lang en_US

#使用的语言

# Firewall configuration

firewall –disabled

#关闭防火墙

# Network information

network  –bootproto=dhcp –device=eth0

#新建网卡

# System authorization information

auth  –useshadow  –passalgo=md5

#用户加密方式

# Use graphical install

Graphical

#图形界面

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot –enable

#图形界面开机启动

# SELinux configuration

selinux –disabled

#关闭selinux

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader –location=mbr

#安装引导项

# Clear the Master Boot Record

Zerombr

#这个还不知道

# Partition clearing information

clearpart –all 

#这个还不知道，但一定要有

# Disk partitioning information

part swap –fstype=”swap” –size=2048

#配置swp分区

part /boot –fstype=”xfs” –size=300

#配置boot分区

part / –fstype=”xfs” –size=18131

#配置根/分区

%pre

–password=$6$d5.YwnmIoKU5KqgX$h1jmKofHk28yYz0LyD.HiOgOnK7F0.arKFn6mcwMofrNtCAeGWSq5pzcgyUbFBETA3EC.QVGZKMAbjpuMrjbE1 –iscrypted –gecos=”ream”

#新建用户ream并设置密码

%end

 

%post

/usr/sbin/adduser ream

/usr/sbin/usermod -p ‘$1$dq/RUYXu$KTztpGgYyUmDur05zgWZt1’ ream

/usr/bin/chfn -f “ream” ream

mv /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc.local.00

echo ‘#!/bin/bash’ > /etc/rc.d/rc.local

ln -s ../rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99rclocal

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘mkdir -p /var/log/vmware’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘exec 1> /var/log/vmware/rc.local.log’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘exec 2>&1’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘set -x’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘echo Installing VMware Tools’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘set -x’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/eject sr0 || /bin/true’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/eject sr1 || /bin/true’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’guest.upgrader_send_cmd_line_args –default\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’upgrader.setGuestFileRoot /tmp\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’toolinstall.installerActive 1\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’toolinstall.installerActive 100\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘rm -f /etc/rc.d/rc.local’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘rm -f /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99rclocal’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘mv /etc/rc.d/rc.local.00 /etc/rc.d/rc.local’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

/bin/echo done

%end

%packages

@base

@core

@guest-desktop-agents

binutils

chrony

ftp

gcc

kernel-devel

make

open-vm-tools

patch

python

%end

#上面这些配置%post 到 %end 可以到~/ anaconda-ks.cfg那里看

配置好后保存到/var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg

测试一下：

事实证明，上面的kickstart自定义配置是没错的，可以成功的无人值守安装，而且比复制~/ anaconda-ks.cfg文件安装的要快很多，不知道为什么

为了更好的了解配置，查看/var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg(刚刚用kickstart图形界面配置)的配置文件如下:

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

#version=DEVEL

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Keyboard layouts

keyboard ‘us’# Reboot after installation

reboot

# Root password

rootpw –iscrypted $1$vVvwaH.E$laQ2SHKj2ej6/1C.YzU7Q.

# System timezone

timezone Africa/Abidjan

# Use network installation

url –url=”ftp://192.168.65.2/”

# System language

lang en_US

# Firewall configuration

firewall –disabled

# Network information

network  –bootproto=dhcp –device=eth0

# System authorization information

auth  –useshadow  –passalgo=md5

# Use graphical install

graphical

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot –enable

# SELinux configuration

selinux –disabled

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader –location=mbr

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart –all 

# Disk partitioning information

part swap –fstype=”swap” –size=2048

part /boot –fstype=”xfs” –size=300

part / –fstype=”xfs” –size=18131

%pre

–password=$6$d5.YwnmIoKU5KqgX$h1jmKofHk28yYz0LyD.HiOgOnK7F0.arKFn6mcwMofrNtCAeGWSq5pzcgyUbFBETA3EC.QVGZKMAbjpuMrjbE1 –iscrypted –gecos=”ream”

%end

%post

/usr/sbin/adduser ream

/usr/sbin/usermod -p ‘$1$dq/RUYXu$KTztpGgYyUmDur05zgWZt1’ ream

/usr/bin/chfn -f “ream” ream

mv /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc.local.00

echo ‘#!/bin/bash’ > /etc/rc.d/rc.local

ln -s ../rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99rclocal

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘mkdir -p /var/log/vmware’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘exec 1> /var/log/vmware/rc.local.log’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘exec 2>&1’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘set -x’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘echo Installing VMware Tools’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘set -x’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/eject sr0 || /bin/true’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/eject sr1 || /bin/true’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’guest.upgrader_send_cmd_line_args –default\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’upgrader.setGuestFileRoot /tmp\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’toolinstall.installerActive 1\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘/bin/vmware-rpctool’ \’toolinstall.installerActive 100\’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘rm -f /etc/rc.d/rc.local’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘rm -f /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99rclocal’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

echo ‘mv /etc/rc.d/rc.local.00 /etc/rc.d/rc.local’ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

/bin/echo done

%end

%packages

@base

@core

@guest-desktop-agents

binutils

chrony

ftp

gcc

kernel-devel

make

open-vm-tools

patch

python

%end

6. 关闭防火墙，查看服务状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewall

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewall

firewall.service

  Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory)

  Active: inactive (dead)

[root@localhost ~]#

查看DHCP状态

查看xinetd状态

查看tftp端口

查看ftp状态

四.测试

上面是服务器DHCP服务状态，可以看到dhcpack on 192.168.65.6 ,被MAC00:0C:29:23:FD:8F的客户机获取到了

如下客户机的MAC地址

00:0C:29:23:FD:8F

安装完成，自动进入登陆界面

更多RedHat相关信息见RedHat 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=10

本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122765.htm

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