最近学习Docker,将docker所有命令实验了一番,特整理如下:
# docker —help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg…]
docker daemon [ –help | … ]
docker [ -h | –help | -v | —version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
–config=~/.docker Location of client config files
-D, –debug=false Enable debug mode
-H, –host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-h, –help=false Print usage
-l, –log-level=info Set the logging level
–tls=false Use TLS; implied by —tlsverify
–tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
–tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
–tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file
–tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, –version=false Print version information and quit
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
–将终端依附到容器上
1> 运行一个交互型容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t CentOS /bin/bash
[root@f0a02b473067 /]#
2> 在另一个窗口上查看该容器的状态
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps –a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d4a75f165ce6 centos “/bin/bash“ 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds cranky_mahavira
3> 退出第一步中运行的容器
[root@d4a75f165ce6 /]# exit
exit
4> 查看该容器的状态
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps –a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d4a75f165ce6 centos “/bin/bash“ 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 23 seconds ago cranky_mahavira
可见此时容器的状态是Exited,那么,如何再次运行这个容器呢?可以使用docker start命令
5> 再次运行该容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start cranky_mahavira
cranky_mahavira
6> 再次查看该容器的状态
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps –a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d4a75f165ce6 centos “/bin/bash“ 6 minutes ago Up 29 seconds cranky_mahavira
因为该容器是交互型的,但此刻我们发现没有具体的终端可以与之交互,这时可使用attach命令。
7> 通过attach命令进行交互
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach cranky_mahavira
[root@d4a75f165ce6 /]#
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
––通过Dockerfile创建镜像
commit Create a new image from a container’s changes
—通过容器创建本地镜像
注意:如果是要push到docker hub中,注意生成镜像的命名
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit centos_v1 centos:v1
68ad49c999496cff25fdda58f0521530a143d3884e61bce7ada09bdc22337638
[root@localhost ~]# docker push centos:v1
You cannot push a “root“ repository. Please rename your repository to <user>/<repo> (ex: <user>/centos)
用centos:v1就不行,因为它push到docker hub中时,是推送到相应用户下,必须指定用户名。譬如我的用户名是ivictor,则新生成的本地镜像命名为:
docker push victor/centos:v1,其中v1是tag,可不写,默认是latest
cp Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT
—在宿主机和容器之间相互COPY文件
cp的用法如下:
Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:PATH LOCALPATH|-
docker cp [OPTIONS] LOCALPATH|- CONTAINER:PATH
需要注意的是–的用法,我在容器新建了两个文本文件,其中一个为test.txt,内容如下:
root@839866a338db:/# cat test.txt
123
456
789
另一个文件为test1��txt,内容为:
root@839866a338db:/# cat test1.txt
helloworld
用法一的结果如下:
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp mysqldb:/test.tar –
test.tar0100644000000000000000000002400012573523153010736 0ustar0000000000000000test.txt000064400000000000000000000000141257352311101 1267 0ustar rootroot123
456
789
test1.txt0000644000000000000000000000001312573523124011353 0ustar rootroothelloworld
用法二的结果如下:
[root@localhost ~]# cat test.tar |docker cp – mysqldb:/
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysqldb /bin/bash
root@839866a338db:/# ls
bin dev entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run selinux sys test.txt tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint-initdb.d etc lib media opt root sbin srv test.tar test1.txt usr
—容器内新增了两个文件,test.txt和test1.txt,而这正是test.tar里打包的文件
create Create a new container
—创建一个新的容器,注意,此时,容器的status只是Created
diff Inspect changes on a container‘s filesystem
—查看容器内发生改变的文件,以我的mysql容器为例
[root@localhost ~]# docker diff mysqldb
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
A /test1.txt
A /test.tar
A /test.txt
C /run
C /run/mysqld
A /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
A /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
不难看出,C对应的均是目录,A对应的均是文件
events Get real time events from the server
—实时输出Docker服务器端的事件,包括容器的创建,启动,关闭等。
譬如:
[root@localhost ~]# docker events
2015–09-08T17:40:13.000000000+08:00 d2a2ef5ddb90b505acaf6b59ab43eecf7eddbd3e71f36572436c34dc0763db79: (from wordpress) create
2015–09-08T17:40:14.000000000+08:00 d2a2ef5ddb90b505acaf6b59ab43eecf7eddbd3e71f36572436c34dc0763db79: (from wordpress) die
2015–09-08T17:42:10.000000000+08:00 839866a338db6dd626fa8eabeef53a839e4d2e2eb16ebd89679aa722c4caa5f7: (from mysql) start
exec Run a command in a running container
—用于容器启动之后,执行其它的任务
通过exec命令可以创建两种任务:后台型任务和交互型任务
后台型任务:docker exec -d cc touch 123 其中cc是容器名
交互型任务:
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -i -t cc /bin/bash
root@1e5bb46d801b:/# ls
123 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
export Export a container’s filesystem as a tar archive
—将容器的文件系统打包成tar文件
有两种方式:
docker export –o mysqldb1.tar mysqldb
docker export mysqldb > mysqldb.tar
history Show the history of an image
—显示镜像制作的过程,相当于dockfile
images List images
—列出本机的所有镜像
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
—根据tar文件的内容新建一个镜像,与之前的export命令相对应
[root@localhost ~]# docker import mysqldb.tar mysql:v1
eb81de183cd94fd6f0231de4ff29969db822afd3a25841d2dc9cf3562d135a10
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
mysql v1 eb81de183cd9 21 seconds ago 281.9 MB
info Display system-wide information
—查看docker的系统信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 3 —当前有3个容器
Images: 298
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker–253:0–34402623–pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 8.677 GB —对应的是下面Data loop file大小
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 5.737 GB
Metadata Space Used: 13.4 MB —对应的是下面Metadata loop file大小
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.134 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.93-RHEL7 (2015–01–28)
Execution Driver: native–0.2
Logging Driver: json–file
Kernel Version: 3.10.0–229.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 979.7 MiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: TFVB:BXGQ:VVOC:K2DJ:LECE:2HNK:23B2:LEVF:P3IQ:L7D5:NG2V:UKNL
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
—用于查看容器的配置信息,包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。
kill Kill a running container
—强制终止容器
关于stop和kill的区别,docker stop命令给容器中的进程发送SIGTERM信号,默认行为是会导致容器退出,当然,
容器内程序可以捕获该信号并自行处理,例如可以选择忽略。而docker kill则是给容器的进程发送SIGKILL信号,该信号将会使容器必然退出。
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
—与下面的save命令相对应,将下面sava命令打包的镜像通过load命令导入
login Register or log in to a Docker registry
–登录到自己的Docker register,需有Docker Hub的注册账号
[root@localhost ~]# docker login
Username: ivictor
Password:
Email: xxxx@foxmail.com
WARNING: login credentials saved in /root/.docker/config.json
Login Succeeded
logout Log out from a Docker registry
—退出登录
[root@localhost ~]# docker logout
Remove login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/
logs Fetch the logs of a container
—用于查看容器的日志,它将输出到标准输出的数据作为日志输出到docker logs命令的终端上。常用于后台型容器
pause Pause all processes within a container
—暂停容器内的所有进程,
此时,通过docker stats可以观察到此时的资源使用情况是固定不变的,
通过docker logs –f也观察不到日志的进一步输出。
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
—输出容器端口与宿主机端口的映射情况
譬如:
[root@localhost ~]# docker port blog
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
容器blog的内部端口80映射到宿主机的80端口,这样可通过宿主机的80端口查看容器blog提供的服务
ps List containers
–列出所有容器,其中docker ps用于查看正在运行的容器,ps –a则用于查看所有容器。
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
—从docker hub中下载镜像
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
—将本地的镜像上传到docker hub中
前提是你要先用docker login登录上,不然会报以下错误
[root@localhost ~]# docker push ivictor/centos:v1
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/ivictor/centos] (len: 1)
unauthorized: access to the requested resource is not authorized
rename Rename a container
—更改容器的名字
restart Restart a running container
—重启容器
rm Remove one or more containers
—删除容器,注意,不可以删除一个运行中的容器,必须先用docker stop或docker kill使其停止。
当然可以强制删除,必须加–f参数
如果要一次性删除所有容器,可使用 docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`,其中,-q指的是只列出容器的ID
rmi Remove one or more images
—删除镜像
run Run a command in a new container
–让创建的容器立刻进入运行状态,该命令等同于docker create创建容器后再使用docker start启动容器
save Save an image(s) to a tar archive
—将镜像打包,与上面的load命令相对应
譬如:
docker save –o nginx.tar nginx
search Search the Docker Hub for images
—从Docker Hub中搜索镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers
—启动容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
–动态显示容器的资源消耗情况,包括:CPU、内存、网络I/O
stop Stop a running container
—停止一个运行的容器
tag Tag an image into a repository
—对镜像进行重命名
top Display the running processes of a container
—查看容器中正在运行的进程
unpause Unpause all processes within a container
—恢复容器内暂停的进程,与pause参数相对应
version Show the Docker version information
—查看docker的版本
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
—捕捉容器停止时的退出码
执行此命令后,该命令会“hang”在当前终端,直到容器停止,此时,会打印出容器的退出码。
Run ‘docker COMMAND –help‘ for more information on a command.
更多Docker相关教程见以下内容:
Docker安装应用(CentOS 6.5_x64) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104595.htm
Ubuntu 14.04安装Docker http://www.linuxidc.com/linux/2014-08/105656.htm
Ubuntu使用VNC运行基于Docker的桌面系统 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/121170.htm
阿里云CentOS 6.5 模板上安装 Docker http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/109107.htm
Ubuntu 15.04下安装Docker http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-07/120444.htm
在Ubuntu Trusty 14.04 (LTS) (64-bit)安装Docker http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/108184.htm
在 Ubuntu 15.04 上如何安装Docker及基本用法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122885.htm
Docker 的详细介绍:请点这里
Docker 的下载地址:请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/123112.htm