感谢支持
我们一直在努力

Linux如何搜索查找文件里面内容

在Linux系统当中,如何搜、索查找文件里面的内容呢? 这个应该是系统维护、管理当中遇到最常见的需求。那么下面介绍,总结一下如何搜索、查找文件当中的内容。

搜索、查找文件当中的内容,一般最常用的是grep命令,另外还有egrep, vi命令也能搜索文件里面内容

1:搜索某个文件里面是否包含字符串,使用grep “search content” filename1, 例如

$ grep ORA alert_gsp.log

$ grep “ORA” alert_gsp.log

例如我们需要搜索、查找utlspadv.sql文件中包含ORA的字符内容

[Oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "ORA" utlspadv.sql

  --   ORA-XXXXX:        Monitoring already started. If for example you want 

  --   ORA-20111:

  --   ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  -- 0 |<PS> =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 0 0 2 99.3% 0% 0.7% ""

  -- |<PR> DBS1.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM=> 100% 0% 0% "" |<PR> ...

  -- =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 92 7 99.3% 0% 0.7% "" |<PR> ...

  -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 2 0 0 0.E+00

  -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM

  -- ORA-20111:

  -- ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20100:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

如上所示,这个是一个模糊匹配,其实我是想要查看ORA这类错误,那么我要过滤掉哪一些没有用的,搜索的内容修改一下即可(当然也可以使用特殊参数,后面有讲述),如下所示。

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "ORA-" utlspadv.sql

  --   ORA-XXXXX:        Monitoring already started. If for example you want 

  --   ORA-20111:

  --   ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  -- ORA-20111:

  -- ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20100:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

clip_image001

2: 如果你想搜索多个文件是否包含某个字符串,可以使用下面方式

grep “search content” filename1 filename2…. filenamen

grep “search content” *.sql

例如我想查看当前目录下,哪些sql脚本包含视图v$temp_space_header(注意:搜索的内容如果包含特殊字符时,必须进行转义处理,如下所示)

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql

catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;

catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

catspace.sql:            FROM gv$temp_space_header

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

clip_image002

3:如果需要显示搜索文本在文件中的行数,可以使用参数-n

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep  -n "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql

catspacd.sql:68:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;

catspacd.sql:71:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:1952:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:1953:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:1956:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:1957:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

catspace.sql:2357:            FROM gv$temp_space_header

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

4: 如果搜索时需要忽略大小写问题,可以使用参数-i

 

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep  "V\$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER" *.sql

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -i "V\$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER"  *.sql

catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;

catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

catspace.sql:            FROM gv$temp_space_header

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

另外,例如检查安装的MySQL组件

[root@DB-Server init.d]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

 

MySQL-devel-5.6.23-1.linux_glibc2.5

 

MySQL-client-5.6.23-1.linux_glibc2.5

 

MySQL-server-5.6.23-1.linux_glibc2.5

5:从文件内容查找不匹配指定字符串的行:

$ grep –v “被查找的字符串” 文件名

例如查找某些进程时,我们不想显示包含命令grep ora_mmon的进程,如下所示

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ ps -ef  | grep ora_mmon  

oracle   16675 16220  0 00:09 pts/1    00:00:00 grep ora_mmon

oracle   21412     1  0 Aug22 ?        00:00:07 ora_mmon_gsp

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ ps -ef  | grep ora_mmon  | grep -v grep

oracle   21412     1  0 Aug22 ?        00:00:07 ora_mmon_gsp

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

6:搜索、查找匹配的行数:

$ grep -c “被查找的字符串” 文件名

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep   "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql

catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;

catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

catspace.sql:            FROM gv$temp_space_header

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -c  "v\$temp_space_header"  catspacd.sql

2

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -c  "v\$temp_space_header"  catspace.sql

5

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

clip_image003

7:有些场景,我们并不知道文件类型、或那些文件包含有我们需要搜索的字符串,那么可以递归搜索某个目录以及子目录下的所有文件

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ grep -r “v\$temp_space_header” /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql: FROM gv$temp_space_header

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$

8:如果我们只想获取那些文件包含搜索的内容,那么可以使用下命令

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ grep -H -r “v\$temp_space_header” /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/ | cut -d: -f1

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ grep -H -r “v\$temp_space_header” /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/ | cut -d: -f1 | uniq

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql

[oracle@DB-Server ~]$

9:如果只想获取和整个搜索字符匹配的内容,那么可以使用参数w

你可以对比一下两者的区别

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -w "ORA" utlspadv.sql

  --   ORA-XXXXX:        Monitoring already started. If for example you want 

  --   ORA-20111:

  --   ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  -- ORA-20111:

  -- ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20100:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep  "ORA" utlspadv.sql

  --   ORA-XXXXX:        Monitoring already started. If for example you want 

  --   ORA-20111:

  --   ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  -- 0 |<PS> =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 0 0 2 99.3% 0% 0.7% ""

  -- |<PR> DBS1.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM=> 100% 0% 0% "" |<PR> ...

  -- =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 92 7 99.3% 0% 0.7% "" |<PR> ...

  -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 2 0 0 0.E+00

  -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM

  -- ORA-20111:

  -- ORA-20112:

  --   ORA-20100:

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

  --   ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

10: grep命令结合find命令搜索

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ find . -name '*.sql' -exec grep -i 'v\$temp_space_header' {} \; -print

create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;

create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;

create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

            FROM gv$temp_space_header

./catspace.sql

drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;

drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;

./catspacd.sql

[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ 

11: egrep -w -R ‘word1|word2’ ~/klbtmp

12: vi命令其实也能搜索文件里面的内容,只不过没有grep命令功能那么方便、强大。

grep使用简明及正则表达式  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88534.htm

 

Linux下Shell编程——grep命令的基本运用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85525.htm

 

grep 命令详解及相关事例 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104041.htm

 

Linux基础命令之grep详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87919.htm

 

设置grep高亮显示匹配项 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106871.htm

 

Linux grep命令学习与总结 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/108112.htm

 

14 个 grep 命令的例子 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-05/117626.htm

 

本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134570.htm

赞(0) 打赏
转载请注明出处:服务器评测 » Linux如何搜索查找文件里面内容
分享到: 更多 (0)

听说打赏我的人,都进福布斯排行榜啦!

支付宝扫一扫打赏

微信扫一扫打赏