服务器评测先上一张鸟哥LVM的图.感觉这张最清楚了。
#以下以Xshell的日志记录系统直接记录.上面添加了一些个人理解的注释
[BEGIN] 2016/9/13 9:22:24
#先查看下硬盘的情况.
[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 7833 62912512 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 8e Linux LVM
#上面这里显示已经有LVM.但是为了方便演示. 下面先将这个删除掉了
[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u’).
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-65270, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-65270, default 65270):
Using default value 65270
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux
#此处使用t来修改格式.由于是需要LVM.所以需要改为8e的格式.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@linuxidc ~]# partprobe
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/vda (Device or resource busy).
As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 7833 62912512 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 8e Linux LVM
[root@linuxidc ~]# pvscan
No matching physical volumes found
#先建pv.后面接具体的划分的路径.
[root@linuxidc ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
Physical volume “/dev/vdb1” successfully created
[root@linuxidc ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/vdb1 lvm2 [499.99 GiB]
Total: 1 [499.99 GiB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 1 [499.99 GiB]
[root@linuxidc ~]# pvdisplay
“/dev/vdb1” is a new physical volume of “499.99 GiB”
— NEW Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/vdb1
VG Name
PV Size 499.99 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID GOeBQF-iCCD-n7i7-Y4DT-U5PE-tjHK-B9Z3CL
#再建VG.由于是直接使用整个划分的区块,所以直接跟区块名 /dev/vdb1,前面接的是vg名称,这个随便命名的.
[root@linuxidc ~]# vgcreate mailbox_vg /dev/vdb1
Volume group “mailbox_vg” successfully created
[root@linuxidc ~]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while…
Found volume group “mailbox_vg” using metadata type lvm2
[root@linuxidc ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/vdb1 VG mailbox_vg lvm2 [499.99 GiB / 499.99 GiB free]
Total: 1 [499.99 GiB] / in use: 1 [499.99 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
[root@linuxidc ~]# vgdisplay
— Volume group —
VG Name mailbox_vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 499.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 127998
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 127998 / 499.99 GiB
VG UUID JjdDER-Y1OK-ICwZ-3FgC-cry2-bZYl-SqD3RP
#下面需要创建LV.-l后面接的是pe的数量.这个可使用上面的vgdisplay的命令来查看.
#然后后面接lv的名称.也是可以随便命名,但是个人建议这里写个可以区分的.要不到时难分清楚.
[root@linuxidc ~]# lvcreate -l 127998 -n mailbox_lv mailbox_vg
Logical volume “mailbox_lv” created
[root@linuxidc ~]# lvdisplay
— Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/mailbox_vg/mailbox_lv
LV Name mailbox_lv
VG Name mailbox_vg
LV UUID VPA4HE-22B4-gZc0-Qo8V-TO1C-tKaF-AT8s5T
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time linuxidc, 2016-09-13 09:25:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 499.99 GiB
Current LE 127998
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
– currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 7833 62912512 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3a7be7cb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/mailbox_vg-mailbox_lv: 536.9 GB, 536862523392 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65269 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
#建好了.进行格式化
[root@linuxidc ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mailbox_vg/mailbox_lv
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131069952 blocks
6553497 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
#创建挂载目录,进行挂载.
[root@linuxidc ~]# mkdir /mail_mailbox
[root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/
Display all 179 possibilities? (y or n)
[root@linuxidc ~]# mount /dev/mailbox_vg/mailbox_lv /mail_mailbox/
[root@linuxidc ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 59G 1.9G 55G 4% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/mailbox_vg-mailbox_lv
493G 70M 467G 1% /mail_mailbox
#使用vim修改fstab的文件.让其开机自动的挂载 .
以下是后面cat /etc/fstab的内容补上,这里vim没有记录
————————————————————————————–
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk’
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mailbox_vg/mailbox_lv /mail_mailbox ext4 defaults 1 2
[root@linuxidc ~]#
————————————————————————————–
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#下面进行umount然后再mount -a测试一下fstab是否正常写
[root@linuxidc ~]# umount /mail_mailbox/
[root@linuxidc ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 59G 1.9G 55G 4% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
[root@linuxidc ~]# mount -a
[root@linuxidc ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 59G 1.9G 55G 4% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/mailbox_vg-mailbox_lv
493G 70M 467G 1% /mail_mailbox
[END] 2016/9/13 9:32:31
这里到此就结束的.整合一下相关的一些步骤:
#fdisk /dev/vdb
#pvcreate /dev/vdb1
#vgcreate mailbox_vg /dev/vdb1
#lvcreate -l 127998 -n mailbox_lv mailbox_vg
#mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mailbox_vg/mailbox_lv
#mkdir /mail_mailbox
#mount /dev/mailbox_vg/mailbox_lv /mail_mailbox/
如何调整LVM 逻辑分区的大小？ http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-06/132709.htm
LVM2详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122976.htm
Ubuntu 上使用 LVM 轻松调整分区并制作快照 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122563.htm
使用LVM创建弹性磁盘存储——第一部分 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107697.htm
在Linux中扩展/缩减LVM（第二部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107786.htm
在 LVM中 录制逻辑卷快照并恢复（第三部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/108867.htm
在LVM中设置精简资源调配卷（第四部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/109757.htm
使用条块化I/O管理多个LVM磁盘（第五部分） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-12/110532.htm
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135442.htm
