服务器评测
背景
没啥背景，就是VMWare装的CentOS 7.2虚拟机的自带网卡名有点乱，想重新定义修改一下。
环境
1、VMWare虚拟机
6张网卡
2、系统
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
并且是最小化安装。
网卡信息
网卡配置文件
配置内容
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno16777736 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=eno16777736 UUID=1160a71e-e5b5-4378-b742-c1bf0cba6f00 DEVICE=eno16777736 ONBOOT=no
这里启动下网卡，获得IP，好连接shell
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sed -i '/ONBOOT/s/no/yes/' ifcfg-eno* [root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network [root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.128/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736 valid_lft 1799sec preferred_lft 1799sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b15c/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eno33554960: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.129/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno33554960 valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b166/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eno50332184: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:70 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno50332184 valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b170/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eno67109408: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.131/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno67109408 valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b17a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6: eno83886632: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.132/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno83886632 valid_lft 1800sec preferred_lft 1800sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b184/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 7: eno100663856: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.133/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno100663856 valid_lft 1801sec preferred_lft 1801sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b18e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost network-scripts]#
默认使用DHCP，都是自动获取的IP
配置
CentOS7使用了“一致性网络命名方法”，这里举例，将网卡名截断为前5个字符，如eno16777736改为eno16。
1、更改网卡配置文件名
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll total 252 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno33 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno50 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno67 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Jan 11 22:41 ifcfg-eno83 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 254 Sep 16 2015 ifcfg-lo lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Jan 11 22:31 ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 627 Sep 16 2015 ifdown-bnep [root@localhost network-scripts]#
并更改配置文件内容，举例
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno16 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=eno16 UUID=803d2d05-493b-489b-8201-1d3fc67878aa DEVICE=eno16 ONBOOT=yes [root@localhost network-scripts]#
2、关闭“一致性网络设备命名法”
更改前
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" [root@localhost ~]#
添加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
更改后
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" [root@localhost ~]#
更新GRUB、内核配置
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-f034e6e19df748b7a27fad77b06e3179 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-f034e6e19df748b7a27fad77b06e3179.img done [root@localhost ~]#
3、添加设备规则配置文件
修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules，没有该文件则新建文件
内容如下
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno16" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno10" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:66", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno33" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:70", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno50" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno67" SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:a3:b1:84", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eno83" [root@localhost ~]#
注意MAC地址与NAME相匹配（可以用ip addr查看）
4、重启
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
使用
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.128/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno16 valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b15c/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eno33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.129/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno33 valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b166/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eno50: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:70 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno50 valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b170/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eno67: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.131/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno67 valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b17a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6: eno83: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.132/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno83 valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b184/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 7: eno10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.133/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno10 valid_lft 1768sec preferred_lft 1768sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b18e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]#
看见网卡名称都已经更改了
再来设置个静态ip，以eno83为例
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eno83 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=eno83 UUID=919f599a-c262-4868-be7e-0646b1e98dee DEVICE=eno83 IPADDR=192.168.140.140 PREFIX=24 ONBOOT=yes [root@localhost network-scripts]#
重启网络
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network [root@localhost network-scripts]# [root@localhost network-scripts]# [root@localhost network-scripts]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.128/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno16 valid_lft 1802sec preferred_lft 1802sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b15c/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eno33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.129/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno33 valid_lft 1802sec preferred_lft 1802sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b166/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eno50: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:70 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno50 valid_lft 1803sec preferred_lft 1803sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b170/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eno67: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.131/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno67 valid_lft 1803sec preferred_lft 1803sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b17a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6: eno83: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.140/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global eno83 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b184/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 7: eno10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:b1:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.140.133/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global dynamic eno10 valid_lft 1802sec preferred_lft 1802sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:b18e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost network-scripts]#
改好了~
ps：
1、如果没有“配置-3添加设备规则配置文件“这步，其他不变，系统重启后将使用eth0、eth1、eth2、…这样的网卡名，此时系统会尝试启动配置文件（eno16等）描述的网卡，但网卡不存在，这些网卡将启动失败，并且开机后无法重启网络，提示failed to start lsb:bring up/down巴拉巴拉~
2、/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts这里目录里的网卡配置文件不要有多余的，每个ifcfg-xxxx对应且仅对应一个网卡，否则容易造成重启网络失败，提示failed to start lsb:bring up/down巴拉巴拉~
3、按这个顺序更改，可以避免更改网卡名称并重启之后，无法重启network的情况。
更多CentOS相关信息见CentOS 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/141384.htm
