服务器评测
关于FPM的介绍
FPM功能简单说就是将一种类型的包转换成另一种类型。
支持的源类型包：“dir”：将目录打包成所需要的类型，可以用于源码编译安装的软件包
“rpm”：对rpm进行转换
“gem”：对rubygem包进行转换
“Python”：将python模块打包成相应的类型
支持的目标类型包：
“rpm”：转换为rpm包
“deb”：转换为deb包
“solaris”：转换为solaris包
“puppet”：转换为puppet模块
这里主要介绍如何将源码安装的包转换为RPM/DEB包，其他功能感兴趣的可以试试。
安装环境：
系统CentOS 6.5 64位，默认的ruby为1.8.7版本；
封装mysql5.6.29二进制安装包；
FPM安装
FPM的安装非常简单，安装FPM前需要先安装ruby，rubygem
# FPM是Ruby模块
yum -y install ruby rubygems ruby-devel
#移除原生的Ruby仓库， 添加淘宝的Ruby仓库:
gem sources –add https://gems.ruby-china.org/ –remove
https://rubygems.org/
#查看系统默认的ruby源:
[root@localhost ruby-2.1.10]# gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
http://rubygems.org/
https://gems.ruby-china.org/
#移除原生的Ruby仓库， 添加淘宝的Ruby仓库:
gem sources –add https://gems.ruby-china.org/ –remove https://rubygems.org/
[root@localhost ruby-2.1.10]# gem sources –remove http://rubygems.org/
http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources
[root@localhost ruby-2.1.10]# gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://gems.ruby-china.org/
#安装Fpm软件包
报错如下：
[root@localhost data]# gem install fpm #时间较久，然后还报了错
Building native extensions. This could take a while…
Building native extensions. This could take a while…
ERROR: Error installing fpm:
ruby-xz requires Ruby version >= 1.9.3.
#处理办法：卸载系统自带的ruby软件包版本：
yum remove ruby -y
ruby官网下载高于1.9.3的ruby软件包进行安装：
#安装编译软件gcc make
yum install gcc make -y
#编译安装三部曲：
tar zxf ruby-2.1.10.tar.gz
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/ruby2.1
make -j 4 && make install
#添加环境变量：
# cat /etc/profile.d/ruby2.1.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/ruby2.1/bin
#查看ruby版本：
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# ruby -v
ruby 2.1.10p492 (2016-04-01 revision 54464) [x86_64-linux]
报错如下：
[root@localhost ruby-2.1.10]# gem install fpm
-bash: /usr/bin/gem: No such file or directory
处理办法：安装依赖；
yum install rubygems
继续安装fpm报错如下：
# gem install fpm
ERROR: While executing gem … (Gem::Exception)
Unable to require openssl, install OpenSSL and rebuild ruby (preferred) or use non-HTTPS sources
处理办法：安装依赖；
# yum install openssl
#yum install rpm-build
当然看到这个报错的时候，第一反应openssl和rpmbuild库没装，yum install openssl rpm-build，发现报错依旧，紧接看网上的文档编译zlib，我当然没这么干。
再次安装依旧报错，处理办法：修改源：放弃https 使用http；
[root@localhost ~]# gem sources -a http://gems.ruby-china.org
http://gems.ruby-china.org added to sources
[root@localhost ~]# gem source –remove https://gems.ruby-china.org
https://gems.ruby-china.org removed from sources
[root@localhost ~]# gem source -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
http://rubygems.org/
http://gems.ruby-china.org
#再次安装发现就没问题；这个安装很耗时，时间很久。
[root@localhost bin]# gem install fpm
Fetching: archive-tar-minitar-0.5.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed archive-tar-minitar-0.5.2
Fetching: cabin-0.9.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cabin-0.9.0
Fetching: arr-pm-0.0.10.gem (100%)
Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.10
Fetching: backports-3.6.8.gem (100%)
Successfully installed backports-3.6.8
Fetching: ffi-1.9.18.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while…
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.18
Fetching: childprocess-0.6.3.beta.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed childprocess-0.6.3.beta.1
Fetching: clamp-1.0.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed clamp-1.0.1
Fetching: dotenv-2.2.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed dotenv-2.2.0
Fetching: insist-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed insist-1.0.0
Fetching: mustache-0.99.8.gem (100%)
Successfully installed mustache-0.99.8
Fetching: stud-0.0.22.gem (100%)
Successfully installed stud-0.0.22
Fetching: pleaserun-0.0.28.gem (100%)
Successfully installed pleaserun-0.0.28
Fetching: io-like-0.3.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed io-like-0.3.0
Fetching: ruby-xz-0.2.3.gem (100%)
Successfully installed ruby-xz-0.2.3
Fetching: fpm-1.8.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed fpm-1.8.1
Parsing documentation for archive-tar-minitar-0.5.2
Installing ri documentation for archive-tar-minitar-0.5.2
Parsing documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10
Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10
Parsing documentation for backports-3.6.8
Installing ri documentation for backports-3.6.8
Parsing documentation for cabin-0.9.0
Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.9.0
Parsing documentation for childprocess-0.6.3.beta.1
Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.6.3.beta.1
Parsing documentation for clamp-1.0.1
Installing ri documentation for clamp-1.0.1
Parsing documentation for dotenv-2.2.0
Installing ri documentation for dotenv-2.2.0
Parsing documentation for ffi-1.9.18
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.18
Parsing documentation for fpm-1.8.1
Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.8.1
Parsing documentation for insist-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for insist-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for io-like-0.3.0
Installing ri documentation for io-like-0.3.0
Parsing documentation for mustache-0.99.8
Installing ri documentation for mustache-0.99.8
Parsing documentation for pleaserun-0.0.28
Installing ri documentation for pleaserun-0.0.28
Parsing documentation for ruby-xz-0.2.3
Installing ri documentation for ruby-xz-0.2.3
Parsing documentation for stud-0.0.22
Installing ri documentation for stud-0.0.22
Done installing documentation for archive-tar-minitar, arr-pm, backports, cabin, childprocess, clamp, dotenv, ffi, fpm, insist, io-like, mustache, pleaserun, ruby-xz, stud after 8 seconds
15 gems installed
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
二进制安装干净的Mysql环境,二进制安装速度很快：
#创建mysql数据存储目录
mkdir /data/mysqldata
#添加mysql用户和mysql组
groupadd -r mysql
useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mysqldata mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata
#初始化Mysql安装Mysql：
#创建mysql启动脚本
cp /data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 777 /etc/init.d/mysqld
#修改/etc/init.d/mysqld内容,内容如下:
#basedir=/data/mysql
#datadir=/data/mysqldata
#加入系统库核系统变量
ln -sv /data/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
echo ‘/data/mysql/lib’ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
ldconfig
echo ‘export PATH=/data/mysql/bin/:$PATH’ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile
service mysqld start
如图，安装完成stopmysql服务，开始封装Mysql rpm包：
#开始封装Mysql Rpm包：
[root@localhost tmp]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -v 5.6.29 -n mysql –before-install /tmp/before.sh –after-install /tmp/after.sh –after-remove /tmp/remove.sh -d ‘libaio’ /data/mysql/ /data/mysqldata/ /etc/init.d/mysqld
Created package {:path=>”mysql-5.6.29-1.x86_64.rpm”}
如图：
封装的时间较久
注意：运行脚本的参数一定要在封装目录之前，否则会报错的。
Fpm的参数选项：
-n 自定义软件包的名称
-C fpm去哪个目录搜寻文件
-v 生成的rpm包的版本
-d 生成的rpm包依赖什么软件，通常为-d ‘name’ 或者-d ‘name > version’
-a 系统架构名称，如果是noarch则为’-a all’或者’-a native’
–description 软件包的描述
–conflicts 与其他什么软件包冲突n
-f 第二次打包时目录下如果有同名安装包存在，则覆盖它
-p 输出的安装包的目录，不想放在当前目录下就需要指定
–post-install 软件包安装完成之后所要运行的脚本；同–after-install
–pre-install 软件包安装完成之前所要运行的脚本；同–before-install
–post-uninstall 软件包卸载完成之后所要运行的脚本；同–after-remove
–pre-uninstall 软件包卸载完成之前所要运行的脚本；同–before-remove
#安装之前的要执行的脚本：
#安装之后要执行的脚本：
#卸载Rpm包后要执行的脚本：
#cpoy到一台全新的机器测试：
到此封装制作完成，感兴趣的朋友可以自己动手尝试下。
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