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CentOS 7中网络设置图文详解

2019-10-10 分类：Linux运维 阅读(367) 评论(0)

查看CentOS 7网络接口信息

  • 查看所有活动网络接口的信息
    • ifconfig命令
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig    //查看网络接口信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6139  bytes 3599390 (3.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2483  bytes 330519 (322.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 84  bytes 7500 (7.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 84  bytes 7500 (7.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:d9:de:d2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  • 查看指定网络接口信息
    • ifconfig 网络接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33        //查看ens33网络接口信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6183  bytes 3602858 (3.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2505  bytes 334073 (326.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

查看主机名称

  • 查看或设置当前主机名
    • hostname命令
[root@localhost ~]# hostname //查看主机名称
localhost.localdomain
  • 更改主机名称
    • hostnamectl set-hostname [主机名称]
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname http01    //更改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# su                 //切换用户，刷新主机名
[root@http01 ~]# hostname           //查看主机名称
http01

查看路由表条目

  • 查看路由表
    • route命令
[root@http01 ~]# route    //查看路由表
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

查看网络连接情况

  • 查看系统的网络连接状态、路由表、接口统计等信息

    • netstat命令

    netstat [选项]

    • 常用选项

    -a :全部

    -n：数字格式显示

    -p：协议

    -t ：tcp

    -u ：udp

    -r：路由

[root@http01 ~]# netstat -antp      //查看以数字格式显示全部TCP协议端口的网络连接情况
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1308/dnsmasq        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      983/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      985/cupsd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1292/master         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4840/sshd: root@pts 
tcp        0      0 192.168.144.133:22      192.168.144.1:54734     ESTABLISHED 4840/sshd: root@pts 
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      2373/httpd          
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      983/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      985/cupsd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1292/master         
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      4840/sshd: root@pts
[root@http01 ~]# netstat -nuap         //查看以数字格式显示全部UDP协议端口的网络连接情况
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:36571           0.0.0.0:*                           788/dhclient        
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:47956           0.0.0.0:*                           578/avahi-daemon: r 
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                           1308/dnsmasq        
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1308/dnsmasq        
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           788/dhclient        
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                           578/avahi-daemon: r 
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                           636/chronyd         
udp6       0      0 :::57996                :::*                                788/dhclient        
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                                636/chronyd        
[root@http01 ~]# netstat -r     //查看路由信息，与route命令作用相同
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 ens33

网络测试连接

  • 测试网络通讯性

    • ping命令

    ping [主机名]/[IP地址]

[root@http01 ~]# ping 192.168.100.10        //测试网络通讯
PING 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.860 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.530 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.514 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.465 ms

跟踪数据包

  • 测试从当前主机到目的主机之间经过的网络节点

    • traceroute命令

    traceroute 目标主机地址

[root@http01 ~]# traceroute 192.168.100.10
traceroute to 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  gateway (192.168.144.2)  0.320 ms  0.255 ms  0.223 ms
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *

域名解析

  • 测试DNS域名解析

    • nslookup命令

    nslookup [目标主机地址]/[目标DNS地址]

[root@http01 ~]# nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:     192.168.144.2
Address:    192.168.144.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 183.232.231.172
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 183.232.231.174

设置网络参数的方式
临时配置——使用命令调整网络参数

  • 简单、快速，可直接修改运行中的网络参数

  • 一般只适合在调试网络的过程中使用

  • 重新启动以后，所做的修改将会失效

固定设置——通过配置文件修改网络参数

  • 修改各项网络参数的配置文件
  • 适合对服务器设置固定参数时使用
  • 需要重载网络服务或者重启以后才会生效

设置网络接口的参数

  • 临时设置网络接口的IP地址、子网掩码

    ifconfig 接口名 IP地址 [netmask(子网掩码)]

[root@http01 ~]# ifconfig ens33               //查看ens33接口IP地址
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 42  bytes 3966 (3.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 86  bytes 9346 (9.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@http01 ~]# ifconfig ens33 192.168.144.138/24    //设置临时IP地址
[root@http01 ~]# ifconfig ens33                     //查看是否成功设置
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.138  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 2660  bytes 3613441 (3.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 844  bytes 57384 (56.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@http01 ~]# systemctl restart network           //重启网络服务
[root@http01 ~]# ifconfig ens33                 //查看IP地址
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)      //设置的IP地址失效  
        RX packets 2708  bytes 3618185 (3.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 894  bytes 63590 (62.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

  • 设置固定网络接口的IP地址、子网掩码

    设置固定的网络接口IP地址、子网掩码，需要在网络接口的配置文件中更改配置文件来完成。

  • 网络接口配置文件

    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

  • 重启network网络服务

    systemctl restart network

[root@http01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33  //进入编辑网卡配置文件

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=staticl          //将DHCP更改为staticl
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=2ef6b862-5201-48c5-a450-23b3720ab3a0
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.144.138          //输入要设定的IP地址
NETMAS=255.255.255.0         //输入子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.144.1        //输入网关地址
[root@http01 ~]# systemctl restart network    //重启网络服务
[root@http01 ~]# ifconfig ens33  
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.138  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:d3a0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)   //地址设置成功
        RX packets 3832  bytes 3715216 (3.5 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1558  bytes 160876 (157.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

  • 禁用或者重新激活网卡

    • 禁用网卡

    ifconfig 网络接口 down

    • 重新激活网卡
      ifconfig 网络接口 up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 down              //禁用网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33              //查看网卡信息，无IP地址连接
ens33: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 459  bytes 495831 (484.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 240  bytes 22865 (22.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 up            //重新激活网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33            //查看网卡信息，成功获取IP地址
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 463  bytes 496409 (484.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 264  bytes 26630 (26.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

  • 虚拟网络接口

    • 虚拟网络接口是指共用一个网卡，同一网卡可以配多个IP地址，不管访问哪一个IP地址都能访问同一服务器。（当不想用虚拟网卡时直接禁用虚拟网卡即可）

    ifconfig 接口名：序号 IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.144.140 //在ens33网卡上添加虚拟网卡，序列号为0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig                 //查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 653  bytes 512686 (500.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 373  bytes 39897 (38.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  //创建的虚拟网卡
        inet 192.168.144.140  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        ...//省略部分内容...

设置路由记录

  • 添加到指定网段的路由记录

    • route add -net 网段地址 gw IP地址（网关）

  • 删除到指定网段的路由记录

    • route del -net 网段地址

  • 删除路由表中默认网关记录

    • route del default gw IP地址
  • 向路由表中添加默认网关记录
    • route add default gw IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# route         //查看路由表
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 192.168.100.0/24 gw 192.168.144.1  //添加网段
[root@localhost ~]# route     //查看路由表是否添加网段
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.100.0   192.168.144.1   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 192.168.100.0/24  //删除添加的网段
[root@localhost ~]# route              //查看路由表，看添加的网段是否删除
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]# route add default gw 192.168.144.1  //添加默认网关
[root@localhost ~]# route          //查看是否成功添加默认网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ens33
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.144.1   //删除添加的默认网关
[root@localhost ~]# route              //查看路由表是否成功删除
Kernel IP routing table 
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         gateway         0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.144.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

主机名称配置文件

  • 保存全局网络设置，主要包括主机名信息

    /etc/sysconfig/network//etc/hostname

    在CentOS 6中若要修改主机名可以执行“vim /etc/sysconfig/network”修改配置文件，而在CentOS 7中我们可以执行“vim /etc/hostname”就可以去修改主机名配置文件了。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hostname   //进入编辑主机名配置文件

localhost.localdomain       //当前主机名   如若修改可以直接在编辑器修改主机名
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~

域名解析配置文件

  • 指定为本机体提供DNS解析的服务器地址（对改文件的修改将会立即生效）

    • /etc/resolv.conf
  • 格式
    • nameserver IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf 

# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.144.2
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~

本地主机映射文件

在本地主机映射文件中添加映射记录，当访问添加的记录网站时，将会直接向添加的映射记录IP地址发送web请求，省略了向DNS服务器解析IP地址的过程。

  • 保存主机名与IP地址的映射记录

    • /etc/hosts
  • hosts文件和DNS服务器的比较
    • 默认情况下，系统首先从hosts文件查找解析记录
    • hosts文件只对当前的主机有效
    • hosts文件可减少DNS查询过程，从而加快访问速度

补充内容：
双网卡的建立

在日常生产活动中难免会遇到需要建立双网卡的情况，这里我们来看看如何建立双网卡

1、首先在虚拟机Linux操作系统中添加一块物理网卡，然后查看网络接口信息，确定是否成功添加网络

CentOS 7网络设置图文详解CentOS 7网络设置图文详解

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig      //查看网接口信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.144.133  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3415  bytes 740748 (723.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1725  bytes 201799 (197.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500    //新添加的物理网卡
        inet 192.168.144.141  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.144.255
        inet6 fe80::deb1:3cec:3e26:5ec2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:aa  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 85  bytes 6069 (5.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 30  bytes 4667 (4.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2、这个时候我们查看网卡配置文件目录，看是否有添加的网卡配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/   //进入网卡配置文件目录
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls       //查看，这个时候时没有新添加的网卡ens36的配置文件的
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp   ifup-routes       network-functions
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6   ifup-sit          network-functions-ipv6
ifdown       ifdown-post    ifup             ifup-isdn   ifup-Team
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-ppp     ifup-aliases     ifup-plip   ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-eth   ifdown-routes  ifup-bnep        ifup-plusb  ifup-tunnel
ifdown-ib    ifdown-sit     ifup-eth         ifup-post   ifup-wireless
ifdown-ippp  ifdown-Team    ifup-ib          ifup-ppp    init.ipv6-global

3、因为没有ens36网卡的配置文件，我们就没有办法给ens36指定固定的地址的。下面我们就把ens36与ens33这两个网卡全部设为仅主机相连模式，然后再查看网络接口信息。

CentOS 7网络设置图文详解

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig            //查看网络接口信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500   //无获取IP地址
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3578  bytes 754392 (736.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1812  bytes 215065 (210.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500   //无发获取IP地址
        inet6 fe80::deb1:3cec:3e26:5ec2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:aa  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 160  bytes 12321 (12.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 48  bytes 7865 (7.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

我在这里无法获取IP地址是因为的VMware虚拟机中DHCP服务关掉了，所以无法获取地址。

CentOS 7网络设置图文详解

4、这个时候我们就给这两个物理网卡配固定地址

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33  //编辑网卡信息

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static               //dhcp更改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=2ef6b862-5201-48c5-a450-23b3720ab3a0
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.10         //输入配置IP地址
NETMAS=255.255.255.0          //输入配置子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.100.0         //输入配置网关
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
:wq
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart       //重启网络服务
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  确定  ]
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig          //查看网络接口信息，看配置的地址是否生效
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.100.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3642  bytes 771191 (753.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1948  bytes 239617 (234.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

下面我们进入网卡配置文件目录，这时候时没有ens36网卡的配置文件的，我们就需要把ens33的配置文件直接复制，更改为ens36的配置文件，然后把配置文件的内容更改就可以了

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/    //进入网卡配置文件目录
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls     //查看
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-isdn      ifup          ifup-plip      ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-post      ifup-aliases  ifup-plusb     ifup-wireless
ifdown       ifdown-ppp       ifup-bnep     ifup-post      init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-routes    ifup-eth      ifup-ppp       network-functions
ifdown-eth   ifdown-sit       ifup-ib       ifup-routes    network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib    ifdown-Team      ifup-ippp     ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ipv6     ifup-Team
ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-tunnel    ifup-isdn     ifup-TeamPort
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens36  //复制ens33配置文件
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls           //查看
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ipv6      ifdown-tunnel  ifup-isdn    ifup-TeamPort
ifcfg-ens36  ifdown-isdn      ifup           ifup-plip    ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-post      ifup-aliases   ifup-plusb   ifup-wireless
ifdown       ifdown-ppp       ifup-bnep      ifup-post    init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-routes    ifup-eth       ifup-ppp     network-functions
ifdown-eth   ifdown-sit       ifup-ib        ifup-routes  network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib    ifdown-Team      ifup-ippp      ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ipv6      ifup-Team
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens36   //进入编辑ens36配置文件

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens36                            //更改33为36
DEVICE=ens36                          //更改33为36
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.10.10                  //更改IP地址网段
NETMAS=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.10.0                   //更改网关地址
~                                                                                         
~                    注意，配置文件里面的UUID条目要删掉，让系统自动识别添加就可以了（UUID不可相同 ） 
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
~                                                                                         
:wq

[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network restart   //重新启动网络服务
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  确定  ]
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig      //查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500   
        inet 192.168.100.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.100.255
        inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3705  bytes 788818 (770.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1978  bytes 243934 (238.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  //成功获取IP地址
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::f6eb:23e3:3afb:fef4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:aa  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 248  bytes 33751 (32.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 280  bytes 49781 (48.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

本文永久更新链接地址：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-10/160969.htm

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