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CentOS 7.2下KVM安装及初步使用

KVM是Kernel-based Virtual Machine的简称,是一个开源的虚拟化模块,今天我将在CentOS7的操作系统上安装KVM,以下是我的安装步骤。

一.环境信息

系统: CentOS 7.2  IP: 10.0.0.12/24

在虚拟机安装时,需要启用CPU的虚拟化功能

二. KVM安装步骤

1. 安装qemu-kvm和libvirt

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# yum install -y qemu-kvm libvirt   ###qemu-kvm用来创建虚拟机硬盘,libvirt用来管理虚拟机

2. 安装virt-install

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# yum install -y virt-install    ###用来创建虚拟机

3. 启动libvirtd,并将它设为开机启动,启动后使用ifconfig查看,发现会多出来一块virbr0的网卡,ip默认为192.168.122.1/24,说明libvirtd启动成功,如果默认没有ifconfig命令,使用yum install -y net-tools安装

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd && systemctl enable libvirtd
[root@kvm-node1 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.12  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::5505:5aa:3f96:f3f8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:51:09:70  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 22459  bytes 29147955 (27.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5161  bytes 587757 (573.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:fb:b1:55  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

经过以上三步,KVM安装成功,下面开始使用KVM创建虚拟机.

三. 使用KVM创建虚拟机(CentOS7)

1. 使用qemu命令创建一个10G的硬盘(最小10,G,可以更多),硬盘的名称为: CentOS-7-x86_64.raw

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# qemu-img create -f raw /opt/CentOS-7-x86_64.raw 10G
Formatting '/opt/CentOS-7-x86_64.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240 
[root@kvm-node1 ~]# ll -h /opt
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10G Aug 22 07:59 CentOS-7-x86_64.raw

2. 使用virt-install创建名称为CentOS-7-x86_64的虚拟机,在创建之前,先上传一个CentOS7的ISO镜像,最好在根目录下创建一个ISO的目录文件夹

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --ram 1024 --cdrom=/ISO/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso --disk path=/opt/CentOS-7-x86_64.raw --network network=default --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole
 
Starting install...
Creating domain...                                          |    0 B  00:03     
Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to 
the console to complete the installation process.

这时候使用TightVNC工具,连接主机IP 10.0.0.12,设置安装操作系统的网卡名称为eth0,如图所示

安装步骤和我们平时安装操作系统的方法一样,安装完成后,可以使用virsh list –all显示KVM上所有的虚拟机

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 -     CentOS-7-x86_64                shut off                ### 可以看到虚拟机的名称和状态

四. 管理KVM

1. 使用virsh启动KVM中的虚拟机

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh start CentOS-7-x86_64
Domain CentOS-7-x86_64 started

启动后,使用VNC连接工具,登录后可以看到网卡的名称为eth0,默认没有ip地址,是因为网卡没有激活,将ONBOOT改为yes,重启网卡,可以看到ip地址为192.168.122.0网段的

当KVM中的虚拟机启动后,可以在/etc/libvirt/qemu目录下,看到启动的虚拟机的信息

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# cd /etc/libvirt/qemu
[root@kvm-node1 qemu]# pwd
/etc/libvirt/qemu
[root@kvm-node1 qemu]# ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rw------- 1 root root 3.8K Aug 22 08:18 CentOS-7-x86_64.xml    
drwx------ 3 root root   42 Aug 22 07:51 networks

CentOS-7-x86_64.xml就是启动的虚拟机的信息,当我们使用vim编辑器查看时,会提示如下信息:

<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit CentOS-7-x86_64
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

看到提示需要修改虚拟机的信息,需要使用命令 virsh edit CentOS-7-x86_64,是用这条命令后,我们可以看到很多虚拟机的信息,包括vcpu,memory等

2.  CPU热添加(KVM支持CPU的热添加,不过局限是宿主机和虚拟机的系统相同才行,这里宿主机是CentOS7,虚拟机也是CentOS7,所以可以模拟CPU热添加,不过真实生产环境不建议这样操作)

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh edit CentOS-7-x86_64
6   <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> 修改为: 
    <vcpu placement='auto' current="1">4</vcpu>
##意思是当前cpu为1核,最多可以有4核,修改完虚拟机的配置文件,必须关闭虚拟机再启动,配置才能生效

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh shutdown CentOS-7-x86_64     ##关闭虚拟机
Domain CentOS-7-x86_64 is being shutdown

 

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh list –all            ##查看虚拟机状态 
Id          Name            State
—————————————————-
–      CentOS-7-x86_64          shut off

 

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh start CentOS-7-x86_64      ##启动虚拟机
Domain CentOS-7-x86_64 started

 

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh list –all
Id          Name          State
—————————————————-
3        CentOS-7-x86_64     running

先通过VNC工具查看虚拟机的cpu信息

在宿主机上通过命令添加核数

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh setvcpus CentOS-7-x86_64 2 --live ##虚拟机的cpu添加到2core

再通过VNC工具查看虚拟机CPU信息

3. 内存热添加(还是不建议生产中使用,知道功能就行了)

通过VNC连接虚拟机,查看虚拟机内存

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh qemu-monitor-command CentOS-7-x86_64 --hmp --cmd info balloon   ## 查看当前虚拟机的内存
balloon: actual=1024


[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh qemu-monitor-command CentOS-7-x86_64 --hmp --cmd balloon 512   ## 修改当前虚拟机的内存为512


[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh qemu-monitor-command CentOS-7-x86_64 --hmp --cmd info balloon  ## 查看修改的内存信息已经改变成了512
balloon: actual=512

使用VNC工具连接虚拟机,查看内存是否有变:

4. 网卡配置(如何将KVM虚拟机中的网卡改为桥接模式,让局域网的其他用户可以正常访问)

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# brctl show  ##查看已有网桥
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
virbr0          8000.525400fbb155       yes             virbr0-nic
                                                        vnet0

创建一个脚本,删除ens33网卡的ip信息,新建一个桥接网卡,并且将ens33网卡的ip信息富裕新建的桥接网卡

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# vim br0.sh
#!/bin/bash
brctl addbr br0         #创建一个桥接网卡br0
brctl addif br0 ens33   #将ens33网卡的桥接信息转到br0网卡
ip addr del dev ens33 10.0.0.12/24  #将ens33网卡的ip信息删除
ifconfig br0 10.0.0.12/24 up        #将ens33网卡的ip信息这只到br0网卡上
route add default gw 10.0.0.2       #添加网关
[root@kvm-node1 ~]# chmod u+x br0.sh
[root@kvm-node1 ~]# ./br0.sh

使用ifocnfig查看网卡的ip信息,可以看到br0的地址已经变为了10.0.0.12/24

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# ifconfig 
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.12  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe51:970  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:51:09:70  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 553  bytes 41723 (40.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 680  bytes 63511 (62.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::5505:5aa:3f96:f3f8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:51:09:70  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6107998  bytes 8708309251 (8.1 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 534420  bytes 68906654 (65.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:fb:b1:55  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6685  bytes 278745 (272.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6981  bytes 34351624 (32.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

vnet0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe6b:5fee  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether fe:54:00:6b:5f:ee  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 16  bytes 1650 (1.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 987  bytes 52236 (51.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

使用命令修改KVM虚拟机的信息

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh edit CentOS-7-x86_64
69     <interface type='network'>  修改为:
         <interface type='bridge'>  ##桥接
71       <source network='default'/> 修改为:
           <source bridge='br0'/>

修改完成后关闭虚拟机,启动虚拟机,通过VNC工具修改ip为10.0.0.14/24,尝试ping宿主机是否可以ping通,并通过ssh连接

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh shutdown CentOS-7-x86_64 
Domain CentOS-7-x86_64 is being shutdown

[root@kvm-node1 ~]# virsh start CentOS-7-x86_64   
Domain CentOS-7-x86_64 started

通过本地的ssh软件,尝试连接,可以连接,并且可以看到IP信息

以上就是CentOS7中KVM的安装和简单管理.

本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-08/146414.htm

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