服务器评测
实验过程中，我们经常需要复制虚拟机，以模仿生产过程中同等配置的条件。
但无论是初次打开，选择”我已复制该虚拟机“也好，还是在虚拟机设置>网络适配器>高级中重新生成Mac地址，开机后选择”我已移动该虚拟机“也罢。开机后查询IP时，我们都会很遗憾的发现，网卡的名字，不一样了。
这是因为原Mac地址占用旧网卡，新Mac地址只能使用新的网卡名称。复制虚拟机为了不与原虚拟机冲突，也是生成了新的Mac地址。
[root@CentOS6 ~]# ifconfig
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:22:C9:22
inet addr:192.168.234.187 Bcast:192.168.234.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe22:c922/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:806 (806.0 b) TX bytes:1152 (1.1 KiB)
eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:3A:FD:74
inet addr:172.17.251.174 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe3a:fd74/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2565 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:61 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:243027 (237.3 KiB) TX bytes:9974 (9.7 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:240 (240.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)
虽然不影响使用，但怎么看都不舒服啊。而且有些实验中网卡名不统一也只有麻烦。正所谓没有标准化就很难进行自动化管理。
那么，如何更改迁移后的虚拟机的网卡名呢？
(1).修改配置文件/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
[root@centos6 ~]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM==”net”, ACTION==”add”, DRIVERS==”?*”, ATTR{address}==”00:0c:29:13:d6:94″, ATTR{type}==”1″, KERNEL==”eth*”, NAME=”eth0″
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM==”net”, ACTION==”add”, DRIVERS==”?*”, ATTR{address}==”00:0c:29:13:d6:9e”, ATTR{type}==”1″, KERNEL==”eth*”, NAME=”eth1″
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM==”net”, ACTION==”add”, DRIVERS==”?*”, ATTR{address}==”00:50:56:22:c9:22″, ATTR{type}==”1″, KERNEL==”eth*”, NAME=”eth2″
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM==”net”, ACTION==”add”, DRIVERS==”?*”, ATTR{address}==”00:50:56:3a:fd:74″, ATTR{type}==”1″, KERNEL==”eth*”, NAME=”eth3″
删除原Mac，更改NAME值，搞定。改好后是这个样子。
[root@centos6 rules.d]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM==”net”, ACTION==”add”, DRIVERS==”?*”, ATTR{address}==”00:50:56:22:c9:22″, ATTR{type}==”1″, KERNEL==”eth*”, NAME=”eth0″
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM==”net”, ACTION==”add”, DRIVERS==”?*”, ATTR{address}==”00:50:56:3a:fd:74″, ATTR{type}==”1″, KERNEL==”eth*”, NAME=”eth1″
~
(2).重启或重装网卡驱动，使配置文件生效
查看网卡驱动名：ethtool -i eth2或dmesg|grep -i eth
卸载网卡驱动：modprobe -r e1000 或rmmod e1000
装载网卡驱动：modprobe e1000
[root@centos6 rules.d]# dmesg|grep -i eth
e1000 0000:02:01.0: eth0: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:50:56:3a:fd:74
e1000 0000:02:01.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
e1000 0000:02:02.0: eth1: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:50:56:22:c9:22
e1000 0000:02:02.0: eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
udev: renamed network interface eth1 to eth2
udev: renamed network interface eth0 to eth3
e1000: eth3 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device eth3
e1000: eth2 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device eth2
eth2: no IPv6 routers present
eth3: no IPv6 routers present
#阿拉的网卡驱动只有e1000一块，所以阿拉卸载一块就够了。有的网卡名不一样，要分别卸载
[root@centos6 rules.d]# rmmod e1000
#再用ifconfig查看会发现原网卡信息不见了。（阿拉这一步就不粘代码了）
#装载网卡驱动
[root@centos6 rules.d]# modprobe e1000
#再次查看，修改成功
[root@centos6 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:22:C9:22
inet addr:192.168.234.187 Bcast:192.168.234.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe22:c922/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:746 (746.0 b) TX bytes:1152 (1.1 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:3A:FD:74
inet addr:172.17.251.174 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe3a:fd74/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:475 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:50 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:48665 (47.5 KiB) TX bytes:7289 (7.1 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6148 (6.0 KiB) TX bytes:6148 (6.0 KiB)
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-09/146746.htm
