rpm,RedHat Package Manager,即为红帽公司为RHEL开发的专用包管理器,后来更改为RPM Package Manager,类似于GNU项目,使用递归命名,GNU’s Not Unix.
通用选项
-v 显示附加信息
-vv 显示调试信息
--root 让RPM将指定的路径做为"根目录",这样预安装程序和后安
装程序都会安装到这个目录下
--dbpath 设置RPM 资料库存所在的路径为
查询
1.查询指定的包是否安装,比如tree
[root@localhost tmp]#rpm -q tree
tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64
#PKG为包全名
rpm -q PKG
2.查询指定文件来自于那个安装包,以/bin/ls文件为例
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qf /bin/ls
coreutils-8.4-43.el6.x86_64
rpm -qf /PATH/TO/FILE
3.查询包更新信息
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -q --changelog tree
* Thu Nov 27 2014 Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com> - 1.5.3-3
- Handle large UID/GID values (bug #1110559).
* Wed Mar 03 2010 Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com> 1.5.3-2
- Added comments to all patches.
...
rpm -q --changelog PKG
4.查询包元数据
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qi tree
Name : tree Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.5.3 Vendor: CentOS
Release : 3.el6 Build Date: Wed 14 Jan 2015 08:21:02 PM CST
Install Date: Sat 25 Mar 2017 04:17:05 AM CST Build Host: c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group : Applications/File Source RPM: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.src.rpm
...
rpm -qi PKG
5.查询包生成的所有文件
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ql tree
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -ql PKG
6.查询包相关文档
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qd tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -qd PKG
7.查询包配置文件
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qc bash
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc
rpm -qc PKG
8.查询安装、卸载前后执行的脚本
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -q --scripts bash
postinstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
bashfound = false;
shfound = false;
f = io.open("/etc/shells", "r");
if f == nil
then
...
#有四个时间点可以执行脚本程序:包安装前、安装后、卸载前以及卸载后
安装
1.安装rpm程序包,在安装过程,后面的PKG必须是文件路径
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc- ## 按两次tab键
gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-java-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gnat-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#/PATH/TO/PKG为rpm包的路径
rpm -ivh /PATH/TO/PKG
2.在安装过程不执行脚本
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --noscripts tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --noscripts PKG
3.覆盖、替换安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --replacepkgs PKG
在安装过程可能出现以来错误,如A包依赖于B包,那么在A包安装之前,需要先安装好B包
4.详细选项
-v 显示附加信息
-vv 显示调试信息
--root 让RPM将指定的路径做为"根目录",这样预安装程序和后安
装程序都会安装到这个目录下
--dbpath 设置RPM 资料库存所在的路径为
1.查询指定的包是否安装,比如tree
[root@localhost tmp]#rpm -q tree
tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64
#PKG为包全名
rpm -q PKG
2.查询指定文件来自于那个安装包,以/bin/ls文件为例
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qf /bin/ls
coreutils-8.4-43.el6.x86_64
rpm -qf /PATH/TO/FILE
3.查询包更新信息
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -q --changelog tree
* Thu Nov 27 2014 Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com> - 1.5.3-3
- Handle large UID/GID values (bug #1110559).
* Wed Mar 03 2010 Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com> 1.5.3-2
- Added comments to all patches.
...
rpm -q --changelog PKG
4.查询包元数据
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qi tree
Name : tree Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.5.3 Vendor: CentOS
Release : 3.el6 Build Date: Wed 14 Jan 2015 08:21:02 PM CST
Install Date: Sat 25 Mar 2017 04:17:05 AM CST Build Host: c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group : Applications/File Source RPM: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.src.rpm
...
rpm -qi PKG
5.查询包生成的所有文件
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ql tree
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -ql PKG
6.查询包相关文档
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qd tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.5.3/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -qd PKG
7.查询包配置文件
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -qc bash
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc
rpm -qc PKG
8.查询安装、卸载前后执行的脚本
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -q --scripts bash
postinstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
bashfound = false;
shfound = false;
f = io.open("/etc/shells", "r");
if f == nil
then
...
#有四个时间点可以执行脚本程序:包安装前、安装后、卸载前以及卸载后
安装
1.安装rpm程序包,在安装过程,后面的PKG必须是文件路径
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc- ## 按两次tab键
gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-java-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gnat-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#/PATH/TO/PKG为rpm包的路径
rpm -ivh /PATH/TO/PKG
2.在安装过程不执行脚本
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --noscripts tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --noscripts PKG
3.覆盖、替换安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --replacepkgs PKG
在安装过程可能出现以来错误,如A包依赖于B包,那么在A包安装之前,需要先安装好B包
4.详细选项
1.安装rpm程序包,在安装过程,后面的PKG必须是文件路径
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc- ## 按两次tab键
gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-java-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-objc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-gnat-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm
#/PATH/TO/PKG为rpm包的路径
rpm -ivh /PATH/TO/PKG
2.在安装过程不执行脚本
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --noscripts tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --noscripts PKG
3.覆盖、替换安装
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -ivh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:tree ########################################### [100%]
rpm -ivh --replacepkgs PKG
在安装过程可能出现以来错误,如A包依赖于B包,那么在A包安装之前,需要先安装好B包
4.详细选项
选项 | 含义 |
---|---|
-h | 安装时以#显示安装进度 |
–percent | 以百分比的形式输出安装的进度 |
–test | 测试安装 |
–replacepkgs | 替换属于其它软件包的文件 |
–force | 忽略软件包及文件的冲突 |
–noscripts | 不运行预安装和后安装脚本 |
–ignorearch | 不校验软件包的结构 |
–ignoreos | 不检查软件包运行的操作系统 |
–nodeps | 不检查依赖性关系 |
卸载
1.一般卸载
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -e gcc
rpm -e PKG
2.不执行脚本卸载
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -e --noscripts tree
rpm -e --noscripts PKG
升级
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -Uvh tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh PKG
或
rpm -Fvh PKG
-U和-F选项均可以升级一个包.但是,旧包不存在时,-U选项会安装新包,而-F选项不安装新包。
1.一般卸载
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -e gcc
rpm -e PKG
2.不执行脚本卸载
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -e --noscripts tree
rpm -e --noscripts PKG
[root@localhost Packages]#rpm -Uvh tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh PKG
或
rpm -Fvh PKG
-U和-F选项均可以升级一个包.但是,旧包不存在时,-U选项会安装新包,而-F选项不安装新包。
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本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/148091.htm