1.1 cobber简介
1.1.1 cobbler说明
- Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
- Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
- Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
- Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
1.2 服务端部署
1.2.1 系统环境
系统:CentOS 7.4
ip: 外网:10.0.0.202 内网:172.16.1.202
1.2.2 安装依赖包
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
1.2.3 修改配置文件
#备份、修改cobbler配置文件
cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.bak}
sed -i ‘s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/’ /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/’ /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/’ /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i ‘s/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/’ /etc/cobbler/settings
#设置系统密码 (加密)
sed -ri “/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\”`openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘xzy’ ‘123456’`\”#” /etc/cobbler/settings
#即:default_password_crypted: “$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1”
# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘xzy’ ‘123456’ (以xzy为填充字符)
sed -i ‘s#yes#no#’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
1.2.4 启动服务
systemctl start rsyncd tftp.socket
#开机自启 enable
systemctl enable rsyncd tftp.socket
systemctl restart httpd
systemctl restart cobblerd.service
1.2.5 检查
#修改dhcp 配置文件
sed -i.ori ‘s#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d’ /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
#将cobbler/dhcp.template同步到dhcp配置文件
cobbler sync
#检查 cobbler check
错误1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders’ to download them
#解决方法:
#网上下载
cobbler get-loaders
#拷贝一份
tar xfP cobbler_load_for_CentOS7.tar.gz
#接下来即可web界面操作
1.3 cobbler-web页面操作
网址:https://10.0.0.202/cobbler_web/
用户名:cobbler 密码:cobbler
1.3.1 登录
1.3.2 导入镜像
前提:选择镜像并挂载
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
1.3.3 编写ks.cfg文件 (Cobbler Kickstart Templates启动模板)
具体内容见最后:
1.3.4 系统及网络设置
#创建系统systems
#配置操作
1.3.5 检查及同步
#web 操作大致步骤1234(顺序不需一样)
#至此,部署完成。
1.4 自动化安装系统
1.4.1 准备工作
- cobbler 服务端部署完成
- cobbler web界面设置完成
- VMware 添加空白虚拟机(内存至少两个G)
1.4.2 同时装机多台
web界面添加多个“system”(利用mac地址识别)
1.4.3 ks文件启动模板
1.4.3.1 CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg
#CentOS7的ks文件 CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by yao zhang
install
url –url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader –location=mbr –driveorder=sda –append=”crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet”
#Network information
$SNIPPET(‘network_config’)
#network –bootproto=dhcp –device=eth0 –onboot=yes –noipv6 –hostname=CentOS7
timezone –utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig –enableshadow –passalgo=sha512
rootpw –iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart –all –initlabel
part /boot –fstype xfs –size 1024
part swap –size 1024
part / –fstype xfs –size 1 –grow
firstboot –disable
selinux –disabled
firewall –disabled
logging –level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre’)
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config’)
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon’)
%end
%packages
@^minimal
@compat-libraries
@core
@debugging
@development
bash-completion
chrony
dos2unix
kexec-tools
lrzsz
nmap
sysstat
telnet
tree
vim
wget
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end
1.4.3.2 CentOS-6.8-x86_64.cfg
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 6.8 by yao zhang
install
url –url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader –location=mbr –driveorder=sda –append=”crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet”
$SNIPPET(‘network_config’)
timezone –utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig –enableshadow –passalgo=sha512
rootpw –iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart –all –initlabel
part /boot –fstype=ext4 –asprimary –size=200
part swap –size=1024
part / –fstype=ext4 –grow –asprimary –size=200
firstboot –disable
selinux –disabled
firewall –disabled
logging –level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre’)
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config’)
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon’)
%end
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%end
%post –nochroot
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_post_nochroot’)
%end
%post
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_post’)
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET(‘post_install_kernel_options’)
$SNIPPET(‘post_install_network_config’)
$SNIPPET(‘func_register_if_enabled’)
$SNIPPET(‘download_config_files’)
$SNIPPET(‘koan_environment’)
$SNIPPET(‘RedHat_register’)
$SNIPPET(‘cobbler_register’)
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET(‘post_anamon’)
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_done’)
# End final steps
%end
本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-11/148721.htm