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Centos7如何查看RAID，管理阵列卡。MegaCli命令使用详解

2022-06-24 分类：Linux运维 阅读(402) 评论(0)

一、MegaCli命令介绍

MegaCli是一款管理维护硬件RAID软件，可以用来查看raid信息等
MegaCli 的Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0
Medai Error Count 表示磁盘可能错误，可能是磁盘有坏道，这个值不为0值得注意，数值越大，危险系数越高，
Other Error Count 表示磁盘可能存在松动，可能需要重新再插入。MegaCli 可以对阵列中所有的磁盘进行检测

二、安装过程

1、系统环境

dmidecode -t1 | egrep “Manufacturer|Product Name”
cat /etc/redhat-release
查看厂商和产品型号，以及”Serial Number”

2、下载和安装

rpm -qa | egrep ‘Lib_Utils|MegaCli’ //检查是否安装

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/crazy-zhangcong/tools/master/MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz

或下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TAGHjTA19ZR8MGODaqy7Mg   提取密码：msbq

2.1 进行解压安装操作

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/crazy-zhangcong/tools/master/MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz
--2019-02-26 16:04:43--  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/crazy-zhangcong/tools/master/MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz
Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com... 151.101.128.133, 151.101.64.133, 151.101.0.133, ...
Connecting to raw.githubusercontent.com|151.101.128.133|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4148077 (4.0M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: “MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz”
 
100%[=============================================================================================>] 4,148,077    520K/s   in 8.1s    
 
2019-02-26 16:04:52 (500 KB/s) - “MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz” saved [4148077/4148077]
 
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog  MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz  Python-2.7.8.tgz  test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz
MegaCli8.07.10/
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/MegaCli-8.02.21-1.noarch.rpm
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/readme.txt
MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/Run-Linux-PERC.sh
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/MegaCli.exe
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/MegaCli64.exe
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/readme.txt
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/X64.bat
MegaCli8.07.10/WINDOWS/X86.bat
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog  MegaCli8.07.10  MegaCli8.07.10.tar.gz  Python-2.7.8.tgz  test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# cd MegaCli8.07.10/Linux/
[root@localhost Linux]# ls
Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm  MegaCli-8.02.21-1.noarch.rpm  readme.txt  Run-Linux-PERC.sh
[root@localhost Linux]#  rpm -ivh Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.02.21-1.noarch.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
Installing....
   1:Lib_Utils              ########################################### [ 50%]
   2:MegaCli                ########################################### [100%]

说明：安装完毕之后MegaCli64所在路径为/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64，在此路径下可以运行MegaCli64工具，切换到其它路径下则不能执行，此时为了使用方便，可以考虑将/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64追加到系统PATH变量，或者像下面这样做（建议）：

  1. [root@localhost Linux]# ln –s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /bin/MegaCli64
  2. [root@localhost Linux]# ln –s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /sbin/MegaCli64

　2.2 查看硬盘数量

  1. [root@localhost ~]# MegaCli64 –PDList –aALL | egrep ‘Enclosure Device ID|Slot Number’
  2. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  3. Slot Number: 0
  4. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  5. Slot Number: 1
  6. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  7. Slot Number: 2
  8. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  9. Slot Number: 3
  10. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  11. Slot Number: 4
  12. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  13. Slot Number: 5
  14. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  15. Slot Number: 6
  16. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  17. Slot Number: 7
  18. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  19. Slot Number: 8
  20. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  21. Slot Number: 9
  22. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  23. Slot Number: 10
  24. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  25. Slot Number: 11
  26. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  27. Slot Number: 12
  28. Enclosure Device ID: 32
  29. Slot Number: 13　

三、硬盘命令使用

1、常用查询命令

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDInfo –Lall –aALL 【查raid级别】
  2. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpAllInfo –aALL 【查raid卡信息】
  3. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDList –aALL 查看【硬盘信息】
  4. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpBbuCmd –aAll 【查看电池信息】
  5. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –FwTermLog –Dsply –aALL 【查看raid卡日志】
  6. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –adpCount 【显示适配器个数】
  7. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpGetTime –aALL 【显示适配器时间】
  8. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpAllInfo –aAll 【显示所有适配器信息】
  9. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDInfo –LALL –aAll 【显示所有逻辑磁盘组信息】
  10. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDList –aAll 【显示所有的物理信息】
  11. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuStatus –aALL |grep ‘Charger Status’ 【查看充电状态】
  12. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuStatus –aALL【显示BBU状态信息】
  13. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuCapacityInfo –aALL【显示BBU容量信息】
  14. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuDesignInfo –aALL 【显示BBU设计参数】
  15. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuProperties –aALL 【显示当前BBU属性】
  16. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –cfgdsply –aALL 【显示Raid卡型号，Raid设置，Disk相关信息】
  17. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LdPdInfo -aAll -NoLog | grep -iE “^Adapter|^Number of Virtual Disks|^Span:|Primary|^state|^Enclosure Device ID|^Slot|DiskGroup|^Raw” 【查看硬盘健康状态】

2、查看磁盘缓存策略

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDGetProp –Cache –L0 –a0【显示0 RAID卡 0 RAID组的缓存策略
  2. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDGetProp –Cache –L1 –a0【显示1 RAID卡 0 RAID组的缓存策略】
  3. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDGetProp –Cache –LALL –a0【显示所有RAID卡 0 RAID组的缓存策略】
  4. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDGetProp –Cache –LALL –aALL【显示所有 RAID卡 所有 RAID组的缓存策略】
  5. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDGetProp –DskCache –LALL –aALL

设置磁盘的缓存模式和访问方式 （Change Virtual Disk Cache and Access Parameters）

  1. Description Allows you to change the following virtual disk parameters:
  2. –WT (Write through), WB (Write back): Selects write policy.
  3. –NORA (No read ahead), RA (Read ahead), ADRA (Adaptive read ahead): Selects read policy.
  4. –Cached, –Direct: Selects cache policy.
  5. –RW, –RO, Blocked: Selects access policy.
  6. –EnDskCache: Enables disk cache.
  7. –DisDskCache: Disables disk cache.
  8. MegaCli –LDSetProp { WT | WB|NORA |RA | ADRA|-Cached|Direct} |
  9. {-RW|RO|Blocked} |
  10. {-Name[string]} |
  11. {-EnDskCache|DisDskCache} –Lx |
  12. –L0,1,2|-Lall –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
  13. MegaCli –LDSetProp WT –L0 –a0

 

3、设置磁盘缓存策略

  1. 显示磁盘缓存和访问方式（Display Virtual Disk Cache and Access Parameters）
  2.  
  3. MegaCli –LDGetProp –Cache | –Access | –Name | –DskCache –Lx|-L0,1,2|
  4. –Lall –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
  5. Displays the cache and access policies of the virtual disk(s):
  6. –WT (Write through), WB (Write back): Selects write policy.
  7. –NORA (No read ahead), RA (Read ahead), ADRA (Adaptive read ahead): Selects read policy.
  8. –Cache, –Cached, Direct: Displays cache policy.
  9. –Access, –RW, –RO, Blocked: Displays access policy.
  10. –DskCache: Displays physical disk cache policy.
  11. 缓存策略解释：
  12.  
  13. WT (Write through)
  14. WB (Write back)
  15. NORA (No read ahead)
  16. RA (Read ahead)
  17. ADRA (Adaptive read ahead)
  18. C (Cached)
  19. D (Direct)
  20. 例子：
  21. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDSetProp WT|WB|NORA|RA|ADRA –L0 –a0
  22. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDSetProp –Cached|-Direct –L0 –a0
  23. enable / disable disk cache
  24. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDSetProp –EnDskCache|-DisDskCache –L0 –a0

 

4、创建阵列

  1. 创建一个raid5阵列，由物理盘2,3,4构成，该阵列的热备盘是物理盘5
  2. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –CfgLdAdd –r5 [1:2,1:3,1:4] WB Direct –Hsp[1:5] –a0
  3. 创建阵列，不指定热备
  4. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –CfgLdAdd –r5 [1:2,1:3,1:4] WB Direct –a0
  5. 创建一个raid10阵列，由物理盘2,3和4,5分别做raid1，在将两组raid1做raid0
  6. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –CfgSpanAdd –r10 –Array0[1:2,1:3] –Array1[1:4,1:5] WB Direct –a0

5、删除阵列

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –CfgLdDel –L1 –a0

6、在线添加磁盘

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDRecon –Start –r5 –Add –PhysDrv[1:4] –L1 –a0

7、阵列创建完后，会有一个初始化同步块的过程，可以看看其进度。

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDInit –ShowProg –LALL –aALL
  2. 或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
  3. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDInit –ProgDsply –LALL –aALL

8、查看阵列后台初始化进度

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDBI –ShowProg –LALL –aALL
  2. 或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
  3. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –LDBI –ProgDsply –LALL –aALL

9、指定第5块盘作为全局热备

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDHSP –Set [-EnclAffinity] [-nonRevertible] –PhysDrv[1:5] –a0

10、指定为某个阵列的专用热备

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDHSP –Set [-Dedicated [-Array1]] [-EnclAffinity] [-nonRevertible] –PhysDrv[1:5] –a0

11、删除全局热备

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDHSP –Rmv –PhysDrv[1:5] –a0

12、将某块物理盘下线/上线

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDOffline –PhysDrv [1:4] –a0
  2. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDOnline –PhysDrv [1:4] –a0

13、查看物理磁盘重建进度

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDRbld –ShowProg –PhysDrv [1:5] –a0
  2. 或者以动态可视化文字界面显示
  3. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –PDRbld –ProgDsply –PhysDrv [1:5] –a0

14、磁盘状态的变化，从拔盘，到插盘过程中

  1. Device |Normal|Damage|Rebuild|Normal
  2. Virtual Drive |Optimal|Degraded|Degraded|Optimal
  3. Physical Drive |Online|Failed –> Unconfigured|Rebuild|Online

四、其他命令说明

1、当前raid缓存状态，raid缓存状态设置为wb的话要注意电池放电事宜，设置电池放电模式为自动学习模式

  1. /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 –ldgetprop –dskcache –lall –aall

2、电池设置相关

查看电池状态信息(Display BBU Status Information)

  1. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuStatus –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
  2. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuStatus –aALL

查看电池容量（Display BBU Capacity Information）

  1. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuCapacityInfo –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
  2. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuCapacityInfo –aALL

查看电池设计参数(Display BBU Design Parameters)

  1. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuDesignInfo –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
  2. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuDesignInfo –aALL

查看电池属性（Display Current BBU Properties）

  1. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuProperties –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL
  2. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –GetBbuProperties –aALL

设置电池为学习模式为循环模式（Start BBU Learning Cycle）

  1. Description Starts the learning cycle on the BBU.
  2. No parameter is needed for this option.
  3. MegaCli –AdpBbuCmd –BbuLearn –aN|-a0,1,2|-aALL

3、通过脚本检测RAID 磁盘状态

  1. MEGACLI=“/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 “
  2. $MEGACLI –pdlist –aALL | grep “Firmware state” | awk –F : ‘{print $2}’ | awk –F , ‘{print $1}’
  3. $MEGACLI –pdlist –aALL | grep –E “Media Error|Other Error” | awk –F : ‘{print $2}’

4、raid图解

图1、图2

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